Accounting account 90: postings, subaccounts, month closing

Accounting account 90 is an active-passive “Sales” account, used to reflect information related to the sale of finished products for the main activity of the enterprise. The account is one of the most difficult in terms of accounts. Its peculiarity is that at the end of the period it must be closed without any balance. Using standard postings and practical examples for dummies, we will understand the specifics of using account 90 and consider closing account 90 at the end of the month and at the end of the year.

What is reflected in it in accounting?!

According to the debit of this line, the appearance of a formed expenditure complex associated with production activities is observed. This indicator is expressed in the cost of the product.

If this measure is reflected in the posting, the credit column may contain areas such as 41, 43, 44, 20. If we take into account credit 90, then it indicates the final indicator of the revenue that was received at the reporting time. Debit turnover in these postings is reflected in section 62.

For firms that specialize in the production of agricultural products, the observation of the dimensional cost indicator was revealed in accordance with the planned values.

There is no reflection in the balance sheet, since it is reset to zero at the end of the reporting period. This occurs according to certain economic rules, and only experienced accountants will be able to carry out this event.

If we take into account the general scheme of this direction, we can note that it looks something like this.

• Debit 90. Within this column, the reflection of expenses in the form of cost is noticeable. Value added tax and sales costs are also included in the price. The result is summed up by the total value of expenses.
• Credit 90 of the account shows a set of income areas expressed by revenue from the sale of product units. The balance includes the amount of income elements.

This is what this line looks like within the framework of correct and rational accounting. If you count all transactions on it correctly, then the result will be obtained quickly, and it will be able to reflect in detail the economic reality and the main commercial parameters.

Account 90 which is reflected in debit and credit for dummies

Based on the results obtained, we can talk about the formation of profit or loss. The corresponding turnovers are written off from all subaccounts 90.01–90.07 to the debit 90.09 when a loss is formed at the end of the month, and to the credit 90.09 - the amount of profit. At the end of the year, all subaccounts of account 90 (except 90.09) are subject to closure by writing off their turnover to account 90.09. This method of organizing accounting is very convenient, since the data for each sub-account corresponds to the columns of the “Profit and Loss Statement” for all items of income and expenses of the enterprise for the main type of activity. Reflection of revenue on account 90 What is revenue? This is the amount of funds due to the organization from buyers or customers of its work (services) for products sold or services (work) performed. When funds of this kind are received, they should be reflected in the credit of subaccount 90.01. It should be remembered that this account collects information about income only from the main activity. If receipts occurred as a result of other transactions, they are recorded in account 91.01. How to determine the main activity? Typically, these items are indicated in the accounting policy of the enterprise in the appropriate section.

If the organization’s charter states that a legal entity carries out any activity not prohibited by current legislation, then the main income is recognized as those amounts that are received regularly and their amount exceeds 5% of the total revenue received during the reporting period. Postings to account 90.01 Reflection of revenue amounts in accounting is accompanied by the preparation of postings. In subaccount 90.01, the receipt of funds is shown in the account credit.

Structure and purpose of components!

Conducting activities in accounting involves taking into account its structural elements, which are also presented in a wide variety.

We will look at each of them separately to draw certain conclusions.

1. Revenue. 90.1. In this case, income from sales is reflected. In this case, it does not matter which product units underwent the sales process - finished products or works, services and other services.
2. Cost of units sold. The mini-account that reflects this indicator looks like 90.2. Here, accounting measures are taken for the cost of products to be sold.
3. VAT. This concept often appears within the framework of accounting, but here it finds a specific application. Its reflection occurs according to 90.3. The VAT amount is expected to be displayed.
4. Excise taxes. 90.4 must be used for the purposes of accounting actions related to excise taxes, which are attributed to the price of sold product units.
5. Export duties. This is serial number 90.5. Such elements have a close relationship with the transferred commodity items.
6. Sales profit/loss. An element that shows the total result of the enterprise’s activities at the end of each period.

It can be noted that if we are talking about income, then they are noted in the loan. If we talk about expense areas, then they are reflected in debit.

Material may be of interest: “Credit 70 account”

Purpose

Special account 90 is used to reflect revenue and cost for:

• Various types of finished products and semi-finished products produced by the enterprise itself;
• Carrying out works and providing services of industrial specifications;
• Performing work and providing services of non-industrial specifications;
• Purchase of products purchased for complete sets;
• Carrying out construction, installation, design, research and geological exploration work;
• Inventory assets;
• Providing services for cargo and passenger transportation;
• Carrying out transport, forwarding and loading and unloading operations;
• Providing communication services;
• Providing for the use of their excise taxes upon concluding contracts for a fee for a certain time;
• Granting rights to patents of inventions, created industrial designs and any other intangible property rights for a fee;
• With the direct participation of a legal entity in the creation of authorized capitals of other legal entities and entrepreneurs.

A diagram explaining the operation of special account 90 for debit and credit

Postings to the control unit

From a practical point of view, elements with serial numbers 90.3 – 90.5 are not used by all enterprises. To some extent, this has a clear mutual connection with the aspect that each tax system for an object has its own specifics, as do different areas of activity.

Typical transactions are presented in two main blocks - debit and credit. There are several groups of postings that reflect various financial activities, and we will look at the main areas.

Postings involving revenue recognition

Here are a few financial and accounting transactions that will allow you to determine revenue and properly record it.

• D76K90.1 – we are talking about companies that are considered other creditors and debtors;
• D50K90.1 - in this situation, correspondence involves an indication of the amount of income of individual divisions;
• D50 (as well as D55, 51, 52) – in the event that proceeds from certain transactions are received at the seller’s address;
• D79K90.1 - in this situation we are talking about indicating the amount of income from all transactions for the sale of various assets and finished products completed in a certain period of time;
• D98K90.1 - within the framework of this operation, it is assumed that part of the proceeds will be attributed to income related to future periods when making advance payments.

So we looked at the features of this direction. And now it makes sense to consider the list of auxiliary wiring, which are also quite often used in practice.

Additional postings

Their set is not so wide, however, it is popular and in demand.

• D90.2K41 (as well as 43, 40) - in the process of writing off commodity items or categories of finished product units;
• D90.2K42 - in the process of reflecting trade margins within the framework of accounting.

There are several additionally used records that display a set of information about commercial work.

Which accounts does account 90 correspond to?

The list of accounts with which account 90 can correspond is huge. This is due to the fact that most of the operations are aimed at making a profit in one way or another. In the table we have collected all possible correspondence options.

The procedure for determining the results for the year and a sample of actions

For every accounting specialist, the approach of the year to the end symbolizes that the accumulating element numbered 90 must be brought to zero. To do this, each mini-account is closed and a debit or credit of 90.9 is used.

This list of activities is carried out according to the following scheme.

1. The credit balance is subject to zero. For this, specialized wiring D90-1K90-9 is used.
2. In order to reduce the debit balance to zero, the corresponding entry D90-9K90-2 is used.
3. Subsequently, by analogy, the value added tax amount, which was accrued at 90-3, is written off. The exact wiring is as follows: D90-9K90-3.
4. If there are duties and excise taxes, then it is necessary to determine the turnover and charge them to debit.
5. Next, in the column of profit or loss from sales, the final balance is calculated, as a result of all transactions it is reduced to zero.

It turns out that we were able to fully complete the closure, and starting next year it will be opened for accounting for new transactions within the framework of business activities.

Why is the 90th count needed?

Regardless of what type of economic activity - production, agriculture or trade - brings profit to the enterprise, the amounts that generate it are recorded in account 90 - “Sales”. This is a very voluminous account, with many cost and income items that are accounted for in separate analytical accounts.

The main function of the account is the primary collection of data on the totality of costs and benefits that accompany the production and sales process. Without the existence of this type of information collection, it would be difficult for an enterprise to understand where everything comes from. Thanks to the generalization of data and their grouping on account 90, an intermediate sales result is formed monthly - profit or loss, which at the end of the year is converted into a total reflected in the financial statements.

Account 90 in accounting

The financial result from sales from the main activity is reflected on the account monthly. During the year, the account accumulates the financial result of the enterprise's main activities.

The movement pattern for the analytical subaccounts of account 90 is reflected in the table:

The main activity of the enterprise can be:

• sale of finished products and semi-finished products (own production);
• services of a non-productive or production nature;
• sale of purchased goods;
• construction, installation, research, geological exploration, etc.;
• rent;
• transport services;
• transportation of passengers;
• other.

Subaccounts of account 90

Closing a synthetic account is provided at the expense of your own analytical accounts. Some of them are active, some are passive. The difference between the active and passive balance is closed to account 90.09.

Sub-accounts can be opened for account 90:

• 90.1 - “Revenue”. The revenue subaccount reflects the amount of proceeds from sales. This is a passive subaccount;
• 90.2 - “Cost of sales”. Active subaccount reflects the cost of goods sold;
• 90.3 - “VAT on sales”. The VAT account is also active, in correspondence with account 68 it reflects the amount of VAT accrued to the budget;
• 90.4 - “Excise taxes”. The active excise subaccount reflects excise taxes included in the amount of goods sold;
• 90.9 - “Profit (loss) from sales.” The subaccount acts as a regulator; all other subaccounts are closed to it.

Typical correspondence for account 90:

Closing 90 accounts, postings

At the end of the month, the sales result is formed in subaccount 90.9. It happens like this:

1. The balance is calculated for each subaccount.
2. The total turnover for all subaccounts (debit and credit) is calculated, and the credit turnover is subtracted from the debit turnover. A positive balance means a loss, a negative balance means a profit.
3. The financial result is reflected using account 90.9 and written off to account 99, in accordance with the accounting rules. Profit is reflected by posting Dt 90.9 - Kt 99.1, loss - Dt 99.1, Kt 90.9.

Thus, at the end of the month, each subaccount 90 has a balance, but there should be no balance on the synthetic account.

At the end of the year, each subaccount of account 90.x is closed to 90.9. Debit subaccounts are closed by posting Dt 90.9 - Kt 90.x, credit - Dt 90.x - Kt 90.9.

As a result, the balance of account 90 at the end of the year will be reset to zero. This process is part of the balance sheet reform carried out at the end of each year.

With the beginning of the new year, the account will be opened again, from scratch.

Sales of goods on account 90

First, let’s look at how, in general, sales are reflected in account 90, and what transactions need to be made.

If the sale being made is a regular activity of the enterprise, then accounting account 90 is used to reflect it (if this is a one-time sale, for example, the sale of a fixed asset, then account 91 is used, which is discussed in detail here).

Sales income is revenue; it is reflected on the credit of subaccount 1 in correspondence with the account for settlements with customers. (The topic of invoice correspondence was discussed in this article). That is, when shipping goods or products to the buyer, posting D62 K90/1 is made, which reflects the proceeds from this sale.

Sales expenses are collected in the debit of account 90.

The debit of subaccount 2 reflects the cost of goods and products sold.

In the case of the sale of goods, expenses are the costs of purchasing goods and the costs incurred during direct sale. The entry for recording the costs of purchasing goods has the form D90/2 K41, the entry for writing off sales expenses is D90/2 K44.

When selling finished products, the cost of production is written off to the debit of subaccount 2 using posting D90/2 K43.

According to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, if an organization is a VAT payer, then value added tax must be charged on the products sold, the VAT charge is reflected by posting D90/3 K68.VAT.

Closing 90 accounts at the end of the year

During the month, all sales are reflected in this way. At the end of the month, the balance is calculated for each subaccount and the financial result for the month is displayed. How does this happen?

1. The amounts for each subaccount are added up, that is, the turnover for credit is 90/1, for debit 90/2, for debit 90/3.

2. From the total debit turnover (subaccount 2 + subaccount 3), the credit turnover (subaccount 1) is subtracted.

3. If you receive a positive number, it means there is a loss for the month, that is, expenses exceeded income. The loss is reflected by posting D99 K90/9 ,

where account 99 “Profits and losses” is used to form the final financial result.

4. If we receive a negative number, it means that we have a profit for the month; we reflect it by posting D90/9 K99.

With the beginning of a new month, account 90 is re-opened, the balance of each sub-account is transferred to the corresponding sub-accounts of the new 90 account.

We continue to take into account all sales transactions throughout the month, and at the end of the month we again calculate the financial result for the month.

And this continues from month to month until the end of the year.

Closing account 90 at the end of the year (postings):

At the end of the year, account 90 must be closed so that the balance of each subaccount becomes zero. In this case, each subaccount is closed to subaccount 90/9:

1. 90/1: we consider the final balance, it is a credit balance, in order for the balance on this subaccount to become zero, you need to post D90/1 K90/9.
2. 90/2: we calculate the final balance, it is a debit, in order for the balance to become equal to zero, we carry out the posting D90/9 K90/2.
3. 90/3: similar to subaccount 2, we carry out posting D90/9 K90/3.
4. 90/9: now, if you calculate the final balance on this subaccount after completing all previous entries, it will be equal to 0.

At the beginning of the new year, we will re-open account 90 with a zero balance on all sub-accounts and begin recording sales transactions anew.

Examples of transactions using 90 accounts

Example 1

Artel Group LLC sold two batches of goods in May 2021. The cost of the 1st batch amounted to 90,000.00 rubles, revenue - 130,000.00 rubles. The cost of the 2nd batch was 96,000.00 rubles, the revenue amounted to 148,000.00 rubles. VAT accrued for the 1st batch - 19,830.42 rubles, for the 2nd batch - 22,576.27 rubles.

We calculate the sales result for the month: credit turnover (revenue), 130,000 + 148,000 minus debit turnover (VAT + cost), 19,830.42 + 22,576.27 + 90,000 + 96,000, it turns out 49,593.31 rubles.

The following entries were made for account 90 to reflect the sales results of Artel Group:

Example 2

Basis Prom LLC received revenue of 2,360,000 rubles for 2021, including VAT of 360,000 rubles. The cost of production was 850,000 rubles. Selling expenses - 205,000 rubles.

Let's do the calculations. Profit from sales is equal to: 2,360,000 - 360,000 - 850,000 - 205,000 = 945,000 rubles.

Accordingly, the following entries were generated for account 90 to reflect the sales results of “Bazis Prom”:

On December 31, 2021, the Basis Prom accountant closes the year. The first step is to close the 90 account. To do this, each subaccount is closed separately. Postings for the last day of the year will look like this:

90 account transactions using examples

To consider accounting for transactions to reflect sales amounts, VAT and financial results on account 90, we will use illustrative examples.

Postings for sales with deferred payment (account 90.1)

Signal JSC and Faza LLC concluded an agreement for the supply of paint and varnish products, according to which the cost of the goods is 857,500 rubles. Faza LLC pays for the goods within 30 days after receiving them. Having the opportunity to defer payment, Faza LLC pays 0.15% for each day of deferment (RUB 857,500 * 30 days * 0.15% = RUB 38,588)

The following entries were reflected in the accounting of Signal JSC:

Accounting for VAT amounts (account 90.3)

According to the supply agreement, Magnit LLC shipped a consignment of goods (sports equipment) to Marshal JSC. The cost of delivery under the contract is 457,000 rubles, VAT 69,712 rubles. The cost of the goods is 305,400 rubles. JSC “Marshal” receives ownership of the consignment of sports equipment after payment has been made.

The following entries were made in the accounting of Magnit LLC:

Reflection of financial results in transactions - closing account 90

Based on the results of December 2015, JSC Gigant:

When determining the financial result, the accountant of JSC Gigant made the following entries:

At the end of the month, account 90 (90.1, 90.2, 90.3) was closed:

What is account 90 used for in accounting?

To generate income, business entities incur expenses that must be taken into account in accounting in accordance with the current standards of PBU. To account for income and expenses from main activities, account 90 is used.

Here, information is summarized separately for each type of income and expense in chronological order. The main income is considered to be the revenue that comes to the company from the sale of products, goods, works, and services.

This account should reflect information about expenses that have already generated income for the company. It also takes into account indirect taxes, which are included in the price of products, works, and services. For example, VAT, excise taxes, etc.

At the end of each month, by comparing account turnover, the financial result is determined. If the excess on this account goes to the loan, then the company has received a positive result in the form of profit.

Attention! If the debit is negative, it is a loss. At the end of the year, these indicators form the main financial result for the year. Since at the end of the reporting period the financial result is written off from this account, it should not have any balances.

Revenue and cost accounting

Account 90 “Sales” is included in the “Financial Results” section of the chart of accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n. It serves to collect data on income and expenses for the main activities of the organization.

According to clause 5 of PBU 9/99, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 1999 No. 32n, revenue is considered to be proceeds from the sale of goods, works, services (GWS).

It can also be considered:

• provision of property for rent;
• provision of intellectual property for use;
• participation in the authorized capital of other legal entities -

provided that the organization positions these activities as the subject of its activities. For organizations that do not classify these types of businesses as their main ones, they bring in other income.

What subaccounts are used 90 accounts

The chart of accounts assumes the opening of the following 90 subaccounts on the account:

1. 90/1 “Revenue” - it takes into account the main income of the company, which can be represented either by sales proceeds, rent, interest, if these types of activities are recognized as main ones.
2. 90/2 “Expenses” - expenses incurred, as a result of which the company received income, are reflected. For example, the cost of finished products, works, services.
3. 90/3 “VAT” – information is reflected on accrued (outgoing) VAT, which is included in the cost of goods, works, and services sold according to issued invoices.
4. 90/4 “Excise taxes” – information on accrued excise taxes on products is reflected in accordance with current legislation. These amounts are also included as a surcharge in the price of the goods.
5. 90/5 “Export duties” - used in foreign economic activity to reflect the duties included in the price.
6. 90/6 “General business expenses” - applies when the organization’s accounting policy determines the method of writing off these expenses directly to cost, without first distributing them by type of activity. Here, management costs for services provided, work performed, and products sold are recorded.
7. 90/7 “Commercial expenses” - used to summarize information on sales expenses for goods sold, works of services. This subaccount is used in trade organizations.
8. 90/9 “Profit (loss) from the main activity” – is intended to reflect information on the formation of interim financial results for the type of activity being carried out. The turnover of account 90 is compared monthly or quarterly in order to determine interim financial results.

In accordance with the specifics of the activity being carried out, other sub-accounts may be opened for this account. This point is recorded in the accounting policy of the organization.

In addition, analytical accounting is opened on these sub-accounts for each type of product produced, services provided, and work performed.

Analytics can also be organized by sales regions or other areas that are required to manage the organization and make timely decisions.

Important! At the end of the year, account 90 is closed, which involves writing off the accumulated amounts of turnover in the subaccounts of the account to account 90/9. Thus, the balance of account 90 at the end of the year will be zero.

Closing the month: postings and examples

Closing the month is a list of mandatory transactions and entries made to determine the interim financial result.

Let's look at the basic transactions for closing a month manually using an example. Table of contents The procedure for closing a month in accounting includes:

1. Closing income and expense accounts and determining the tax base.
2. Closing sales accounts and determining financial results;
3. Determining costs and writing them off to cost;

The company's expenses are reflected in active accounts 20, 23, 25, 26, 44, etc.

- all these accounts have the common name “cost accounts”.

Types of enterprise costs:

1. Costs of auxiliary production;
2. Production costs;
3. General running costs;
4. Production costs, etc.

Let’s say that the accounting of Buttercup LLC in January 2021 reflects the following transactions:

• Depreciation charge for the month - 96,000 rubles;
• The purchase from the service provider (electricity) is reflected - RUB 17,000. (without VAT);
• Payroll for administrative and management personnel - RUB 250,000;
• Products sold for the amount of RUB 1,062,000, incl. VAT 162,000 rub.
• Calculation of wages for workers in the workshop - 780,000 rubles;

The accountant reflects these transactions with postings: Dt Ct Description of transaction Amount, rub.

Document 20 02 Reflected depreciation 96,000 Accounting.

certificate 20 70 Salary calculation reflected 780,000 Accounting.

certificate 26 70 Salary calculation reflected AUP 250 000 Accounting.

certificate 20 60 Purchase of electricity 17,000 Invoice Reflection of revenue: Dr Cr Description of transaction Amount, rub.

Document 62 90.1 Revenue 1,062,000 Invoice, Sales Act 90 (VAT) 68 VAT accrued on sales 162,000 Invoice 90.2 41 Cost of goods sold 400,000 Invoice To calculate the cost, two methods can be used: classical cost write-off and direct costing:

1. Closing the cost using the first method can occur using accounting at discount prices, that is, using account 40, or without using it.

Account characteristics

To generate data on income received, as well as expenses incurred for the normal activities of a business entity, account 90 is used.

This account differs from many others in that it has no balance at the beginning or end of the reporting period. In addition, the account is active-passive, since during interim summing up it can contain both a debit and a credit balance.

Account 90 records income and expenses for the following types of activities:

• For the sale of any finished product;
• For work and services performed in various areas;
• For purchased products that are included in the packaging of finished products;
• To account for work related to construction or installation;
• For transportation services;
• For loading and unloading services;
• When renting out your property, if this is the main source of income;
• When transferring rights to patents on a paid basis.

The debit of account 90 reflects the entire range of costs incurred for core activities. The amounts of cost, accrued taxes, etc. are indicated here. Credit 90 of the account reflects the entire volume of revenue received from the main activity.

Attention! Account 90 is closed by generating the amount of profit or loss using account 90 09, and then writing it off to account 99. Since this account should not have a balance at the end of the period, it is not reflected in the balance sheet.

How to close account 90 at the end of the month

Contents Menu - News - transactions Closing the month is a list of mandatory transactions and transactions made to determine the interim financial result. Let's look at the basic transactions for closing a month manually using an example. Table of contents

1. 1.3 Stage 3. Determination of financial results
2. 1.2 Stage 2. Closing accounts at the end of the posting month
3. 1.1 Stage 1. Determining monthly costs
4. 1 Closing the month in accounting: main stages
   1.1 Stage 1. Determining monthly costs
5. 1.2 Stage 2. Closing accounts at the end of the posting month
6. 1.3 Stage 3. Determination of financial results
7. 1.4 Closing accounts 90, 91, 99 transactions at the end of the month
8. 1.4 Closing accounts 90, 91, 99 transactions at the end of the month

The procedure for closing a month in accounting includes:

1. Determining costs and writing them off to cost;
2. Closing sales accounts and determining financial results;
3. Closing income and expense accounts and determining the tax base.

Stage 1.

Attention

1. from the 2nd to the 4th subaccount - posting D90.9 K90.2 (90.3, 90.4) is performed for the amount of the debit balance for each subaccount;
2. 1st subaccount - posting D90.1 K90.9 is performed for the amount of the credit balance at the end of the year;
3. 9th subaccount - as a result of the actions indicated above, the balance on it will be equal to 0.

Thus, the postings for closing account 90 look like:

1. D90.9 K90.3 - the third closes;
2. D90.9 K90.4 - the fourth one closes.
3. D90.9 K90.2 - the second one closes;
4. D90.1 K90.9 - the first one closes;

The balance for each subaccount and for account 90 as a whole is equal to 0 at the end of the year.

At the beginning of the year, the account should be reopened, again starting to accumulate cost, revenue and taxes on it.

Example of closing account 90: We have the following figures at the end of the year. Black shows the final balance for each subaccount at the end of the year.

For the “closing the month” process, there is some more basic knowledge that affects the rules for transferring amounts to account 90. We look at all this in practical classes and learn how to solve such accounting situations from the event to the end of the month.

Account correspondence

From the debit of account 90, entries can be made to the credit of the following accounts:

• Account 11 - for the cost of sold animals that were fattened;
• Account 20 - for the cost of work and services sold;
• Account 21 - for the cost of semi-finished products sold externally;
• Account 23 - for the cost of work and services provided by auxiliary production;
• Account 26 - for accumulated general business expenses in their conditionally constant part (without distribution by type of main production);
• Account 29 - for the cost of work and services provided by service industries;
• Account 40 - for the deviation of the actual cost of production over the planned one;
• Account 41 - for the cost of purchased goods sold;
• Account 42 - for the amount of trade margin;
• Account 43 - for the cost of sold own products;
• Account 44 - for the accumulated amount of expenses associated with the sale of goods;
• Account 45 - for the amount of the cost of goods for which revenue was recognized;
• Account 58 - for the amount of redeemed or sold securities;
• Account 68 - for the amount of accrued taxes and fees;
• Account 79 - for the amount of costs for on-farm settlements;
• Account 99 - for the amount of profit received when closing account 90.

From the credit of account 90, entries can be made to the debit of the following accounts:

• Invoice 45 - for the cost of the stages of work accepted by the customer;
• Account 50 - for the amount of cash revenue received for the reporting period;
• Account 51 – for the amount of revenue received to the current account for the reporting period;
• Account 52 – for the amount of revenue received in foreign currency for the reporting period;
• Account 57 – for the amount of revenue received from receipts, transfers, etc. during the reporting period;
• Account 62 - for the amount of goods shipped to the buyer;
• Account 76 - for the amount of work and services provided to other creditors;
• Account 79 – for the amount of revenue from on-farm settlements;
• Account 98 - upon the arrival of the moment of recognition of income previously allocated to future periods;
• Account 99 – for the amount of loss received when closing account 90.

Write-off of administrative and commercial expenses to cost price

Write-off of administrative and commercial expenses occurs through the 90th account as follows:

• Dt 90 subaccount “Administrative expenses” Kt 26;
• Dt 90 subaccount “Business expenses” Kt 44.

Let's dwell on the choice of method for writing off expenses from the 26th account.

An organization can choose and record in its accounting policy one of 2 methods of writing off to the following accounts:

• 20 (23, 29);
• 90.

With method 1, general business expenses participate in the formation of the full cost of finished products, ending up in cost accounts in full at the end of the month. They can be distributed between main, auxiliary and service industries, as well as between types of products. In the future, from the 20th (23rd, 29th) account, these expenses will go to the finished product accounts and will be written off in proportion to the volume of products sold to the cost price.

With the 2nd method, the financial result includes the entire amount of general business expenses incurred during the month, without being distributed between the products sold and those remaining in the warehouse. The 2nd method makes it much easier to write off expenses from the 26th account, and also increases expenses, reducing profits. The organization must describe the choice of method for writing off general business expenses in its accounting policy.

The chart of accounts does not allow you to choose which account to write off sales expenses to - only to the 90th one. However, the organization can choose whether to write them off completely or partially. Partial write-off implies a monthly distribution between goods sold and those remaining in the warehouse:

• for manufacturing companies - packaging and delivery costs;
• for trading companies - delivery costs.

Other items of selling expenses are written off in full.

Read about the distribution of delivery costs in the article “How to correctly calculate transport costs (nuances)?”

How to determine the financial result of a company's activities

The interim financial result must be determined at the end of each month or other period specified in the accounting policy. For example, small businesses are allowed to perform this operation once per quarter, or even once per year.

At this moment, a comparison of turnovers in the subaccounts of account 90 should be made. The financial result is determined as the difference between debit and credit turnover for the selected period and is written off to profit and loss account 99, while such an operation will only affect account 90/9. The balances on the remaining subaccounts will be retained until the end of the year, when the final determination of the result will be made.

Attention! That is, the financial result is determined by subtracting from the amount of revenue in account 90/1 the amounts accumulated in cost subaccounts 90/2-90/5.

If the results of the calculations result in a positive value, it will indicate a profit for the reporting month. If the result is negative, this indicates a loss from the activity. After this, the determination of the intermediate result is made using postings - D 90/9 K 99 in case of profit, and D 99 K 90/9 in case of loss.

Subaccounts 90 of account, with the exception of 90/9, accumulate the amounts of revenue and expenses incurred, as well as the amount of taxes, throughout the year. At the end of the year, the final result for each of them is written off to subaccount 90/9 in one amount. Since during the year the amounts of the financial result were written off from it, if the account is closed correctly, there should not be a balance of 90.

Closing account 90 3 at the end of the posting month

/ / 04/02/2018 171 Views 04/03/2018 04/03/2018 04/03/2018 Do it this way: a) the credit balance of subaccount 90-1 is closed by posting: Debit 90-1 Credit 90-9 – subaccount 90-1 is closed at the end of the year; b) the debit balance of subaccounts 90-2, 90-3, 90-4, etc., except 90-9, is closed with transactions: Debit 90-9 Credit 90-2 (90-3, 90-4...) – subaccounts 90 are closed -2 (90-3, 90-4...) at the end of the year.

Example In 2012, Diana LLC received revenue from the sale of goods in the amount of RUB 1,770,000. (including VAT - 270,000 rubles). The cost of goods sold was 900,000 rubles, the cost of selling goods was 255,000 rubles.

Diana's accountant made the following entries: Debit 62 Credit 90-1 – 1,770,000 rubles. – revenue from the sale of goods is reflected; Debit 90-3 Credit 68 subaccount “VAT calculations” – 270,000 rubles. – VAT is charged; Debit 90-2 Credit 41 – 900,000 rub.

– the cost of goods sold is written off; Debit 90-2 Credit 44 – 255,000 rub. Closing accounts at the end of the posting month To calculate the cost, two methods can be used: classic cost write-off and direct costing: Get 267 video lessons on 1C for free:

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1. Closing the cost using the first method can occur using accounting at discount prices, that is, using account 40, or without using it.
2. The second method means that general business expenses are not included in the cost price, but are written off as revenue.
   The organization itself chooses the method and enshrines it in its accounting policies.

Let's consider both options for closing the cost price for the data of Buttercup LLC. Important Closing the posting month and determining the financial result of Buttercup LLC for January: Dr Cr Description of transaction Amount, rub.

Document 99 90.9 Reflection of loss according to the basis.

activities (2,598,000 - 1,062,000) 1,536,000 Accounting statement The result for account 91 is determined according to a similar scheme.