D08 k60 what does wiring mean?

The activities of any organization are associated with costs not only for the manufacture of products, provision of services or sale of goods, but also with costs for organizational, production and general economic needs. Accounting for these costs is necessary, since some of them are included in the pricing of the final product. To accumulate information about the costs of maintaining and operating the main production units, as well as additional structural divisions of the organization, account 25 “General production expenses” is used in accounting.

Using account 25 in accounting

Since account 25 collects information about the organization’s expenses, it is classified as active. The main feature of the account is the absence of balances both at the beginning of the reporting period and at the end. The zero balance is due to the distributive nature of the account. This means that the turnover accumulated during the reporting month is redistributed to other accounts by writing off, and at the beginning of the next period, with a zero balance, the newly spent funds are accounted for.

Costs must be generated for each structural unit of the enterprise.

Due to the lack of information about the initial and final balances, account 25 cannot be displayed in the enterprise’s balance sheet.

Account 25 is a necessary accounting item that helps to calculate and analyze all types of costs included in the production of products. This is especially true in the case when an enterprise produces a large range of product units, and it is not possible to take into account all indirect costs when determining the cost of a released unit.

If the product range is small and is reduced to one dozen product items, it is advisable to classify all indirect costs as main expenses and include them in accounts or.

Postings to account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”

Enter the specified wiring into the Wiring Trainer and be sure to recite the “information” - what the wiring reflects, what “information” (see the description - I give a description for each wiring), 100% memorability, be sure to say it “out loud”.
A capital investment item has been received from the supplier

Posting: D. 08 “Investments in non-current assets” - K. 60 “Settlements with suppliers.”

Description: by posting we recorded “information” about the costs of the capital investment project (account 08) and by posting we recorded “information” about the debt to the equipment supplier (account 60).

Amount: amount WITHOUT VAT, indicated in the invoice or acceptance certificate. Posting date: date of the invoice or delivery certificate.

Document 1C 8.2 creating wiring D.08 - K.60:

doc. “Receipt of goods and services” - receipt of an “object” of fixed assets

— set the transaction type - “equipment” — tab. Equipment, set an “accounting account” for each asset object = account 08.04 — tab. Settlement accounts, set a “accounting account” with the counterparty = account 60.01/ 60.02

doc. “Receipt of goods and services” - receipt of “services” to bring the object to readiness

— set the type of operation - “equipment” — tab. and object = invoice 08.04 + object - issue a “account for settlements” with the counterparty = invoice 60.01 and invoice 60.02

The object of capital investment may be an expense of 100 rubles. (for example, we bought a bag of nails). In the version with a bag of nails, a part of the object was received, which still needs to be assembled into a single whole. If you don’t collect the expenses for this bag of nails on account 08 right away, then you can end up missing a million of these bags, and this is already an object worth 100 million rubles. The main thing is that you must highlight from the entire flow of expenses those expenses that need to be collected separately on account 08, expenses that are directly related to the creation of our future fixed asset.

In my work, I immediately warn managers that they must inform me about the decision to create OS objects, and there were cases when I learned about an object under construction approximately halfway through its construction, and of course I did not correctly reflect the costs of this object, since my accountant wrote off the costs of creating the object simply as expenses for the period, which is NOT correct (distortion of accounting statements, income tax, property tax).

WE ACCEPT the object as part of fixed assets

Posting: D. 01 “Fixed assets” - K. 08 “Investments in non-current assets”.

Description: by posting we recorded “information” about the “initial cost” of the fixed asset (account 01) and by posting we recorded “information” about the completion of the formation of the “initial” cost of the fixed asset (account 08) and the write-off of all expenses to account 01.

Amount: the amount of accumulated expenses, which is listed on account 08 at the time of commissioning of the fixed asset. Posting date: The date the asset was put into operation, usually indicated in the commissioning report. Note: before generating the posting, we check the “attribution limit to the OS”.

Document 1C 8.2 creating wiring D.01 - K.08:

doc. "Acceptance for accounting of fixed assets"

— set the operation type - “equipment” — tab. Fixed assets, set the “accounting account” for the capital investment object = account 08.04 — tab.Accounting, set the “accounting account” for the fixed assets object = account 01.01 — tab.Accounting , we issue a “depreciation account” for the fixed asset object = account 02.01

What is general production expenses?

Account 25 serves as a collection and distribution register of costs, so the following ODA must be taken into account here:

depreciation of capital equipment and property used in production;
repair and maintenance of fixed assets;
payment of utilities and expenses for the maintenance, maintenance and repair of real estate;
transportation costs;
costs for additional services received from third-party suppliers and contractors;
payment for insurance of equipment and premises;
wages of primary production workers, engineering, technical and maintenance personnel (with deductions for insurance and other contributions);
other general production costs.

What exactly to include in the number of general production expenses is decided by the management of the enterprise. It should be borne in mind that it is quite problematic to take indirect expenses as deductions when accounting for income tax. Therefore, it is advisable to increase the list of costs related to direct costs.

Accounting for receipt and disposal of fixed assets and the procedure for their inventory

D 08 - K 60 - reflects the costs of construction and installation work accepted from contractors;

D 19 - K 60 - VAT presented by the contractor for payment to the customer is reflected;

D 01 - K 08.3 - fixed assets put into operation.

When an organization carries out construction and installation work in an economic way, the following entries are made in accounting:

D 10 - K 60 - materials were purchased to carry out work on the construction of the facility;

D 19 - K 60 - VAT on purchased materials is reflected.

The costs for the construction of buildings, structures, installation and other capital construction costs minus VAT are reflected:

D 08 - K 07 - the costs of installing equipment are reflected;

D 08 - K 10 - costs of materials used are reflected;

D 08 - K 70 - wages to employees;

D 08 - K 69 - the amount of insurance contributions from employees' wages;

D 08 - K 19 - non-refundable VAT written off to increase the actual costs of construction and manufacturing;

D 08 - K 68 - VAT is charged on the volume of work performed;

D 60 - K 51 - funds were transferred;

D 68 - K 19 - VAT is reflected on materials purchased, work performed, services provided;

D 01 - K 08.3 - fixed assets were put into operation.

Acceptance of completed work on the completion and additional equipment of a facility, carried out in the order of capital investments, is formalized by an acceptance certificate for repaired, reconstructed and modernized facilities (form No. OS-3). The transfer of equipment for installation is formalized by an act of acceptance and transfer of equipment for installation (form No. OS-15). For equipment defects identified during installation, adjustment or testing, as well as based on inspection results, a report on identified equipment defects is drawn up (Form No. OS-16) [1, p. 128].

One of the ways to receive fixed assets is to receive objects as a contribution to the authorized capital of a newly formed or increasing the authorized capital of an organization. When making contributions to the authorized capital of the organization, the founders act on the basis of the constituent agreement, and when they are made in the accounting records of the organization, the initial value is recognized as their monetary value, agreed upon by the founders of the organization. When accepting for accounting fixed assets contributed by the founders as part of their contribution to the authorized capital of the organization, the following accounting entries are made:

D 75 - K 80 - for the amount of debt of the founders in monetary value for contributions to the authorized capital when creating the organization;

D 08 - K 60 - reflection of delivery costs;

D 08.4 - K 75.1 - receipt of deposits in the form of fixed assets from the founders;

D 19 - K 83 - VAT on contribution to the authorized capital;

D 01 - K 08.4 - acceptance of fixed assets into operation;

D 68 - K 19 - VAT on the contribution to the authorized capital is accepted for deduction.

According to the gift agreement, one party (the donor) gratuitously transfers or undertakes to transfer to the other party (the donee) an item of ownership or a property right (claim) to himself or to a third party, or releases or undertakes to release her from a property obligation to himself or to a third party [17 ]. Fixed assets received under a gift agreement are accepted for accounting at market value. The market value of property is established by documentary or expert means. The costs of establishing and confirming the market price are included in the initial cost of fixed assets. According to PBU 9/99 “Income of an organization,” assets received free of charge are included in other income of the organization [21].

Acceptance for accounting of fixed assets received from other legal entities and individuals under a gift agreement, as well as in other cases of their gratuitous receipt, is reflected in the following accounting entries:

D 08 - K 98 subaccount 2 “Gratuitous receipt” - receipt of fixed assets under a gift agreement;

D 08 - K 60 - reflection of expenses associated with the transportation of fixed assets;

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How are overhead costs distributed?

When choosing a methodology for distributing ODA, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of production and the norms enshrined in the tax policy of the organization. There is a general formula for the distribution of general and general production expenses:

K (OPR) = OPR/B

K is the required coefficient, OPR is the amount of total expenses, B is the base to which all taken into account expenses are distributed.

Calculation using this formula gives a clear idea of how many rubles of ODA fall on 1 ruble of the distribution base. In this case, the choice of base should take into account the relationship between overhead costs and the final cost of a good, service or product of production.

What is account 08 intended for?

According to the Chart of Accounts, introduced by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” accumulates the costs incurred by the organization in objects that are planned to be used as:

depreciable and non-depreciable fixed assets (hereinafter referred to as fixed assets);
intangible assets (hereinafter referred to as intangible assets);
adult animals belonging to the category of productive (working) livestock.

For key aspects of accounting for investments in non-current assets, see the article “Rules for accounting for investments in non-current assets”.

For information on how to reflect data on account 08 in reporting, see the article “On which line should the balance of account 08 be reflected in the balance sheet?”

Subaccounts

For the most structured accounting of general production expenses for account 25, it is advisable to open two auxiliary subaccounts:

maintenance and operation of production lines and capital equipment;
general shop expenses.

However, these subaccounts may not be enough. Account 25 includes accounting for general production and general business expenses of various types, and for more convenient management and formation of expenses, it is recommended to open additional sub-accounts for the type of ODA: wages, depreciation of fixed assets, payments to social funds, public services, raw materials, fuels and lubricants, etc.