What to choose: payroll or payroll?

» Managing individual entrepreneurs » Salary

Some entrepreneurs who use hired workers to run their business use a payroll form to pay them wages. But it cannot always be used. In such cases, Goskomstat provided separate forms for payment and payroll statements. To do this, use the T-51 and T-53 forms. They were introduced into use in 2004.

• 2 Payroll: purpose and application
• 3 Benefits of Payroll

How and who determines the retention period for documents?

Paragraph 1 of Article of the Federal Law of October 22, 2004 No. 125-FZ “On Archiving in the Russian Federation” states that organizations and individual entrepreneurs are obliged to ensure the safety of archival documents, including documents on personnel, during their storage periods.
These deadlines are established by federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as special lists of documents. These lists include:

1) A list of standard administrative archival documents generated in the course of the activities of state bodies, local governments and organizations, indicating their storage periods (approved by order of the Federal Archives of December 20, 2019 No. 236; hereinafter referred to as List No. 236);

2) A list of standard archival documents generated in the scientific, technical and production activities of organizations, indicating storage periods (approved by order of the Ministry of Culture dated July 31, 2007 No. 1182).

In addition, storage periods are determined by other legal provisions. Thus, the minimum storage time for tax documents is established in the Tax Code, and for accounting documents - in the Accounting Law. And, for example, for joint-stock companies there is also a Regulation on the procedure and periods for storing documents of joint-stock companies (approved by Resolution of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market dated July 16, 2003 No. 03-33/ps).

IMPORTANT

The inclusion of documents in the archival fund does not depend on the method of their creation and the type of media (Article Law No. 125-FZ). Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the safety of both “paper” and electronic documents. The type of media in most cases does not affect the period during which the document must be preserved. At the same time, legally significant electronic documents can be stored without printing (see “The Ministry of Finance explained how to store electronic invoices”).

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Retention period for salary documents

Any organization conducting any economic activity must necessarily keep personnel records of employees and monthly draw up the appropriate documents for calculating wages and other payments. Such payments may include a variety of travel and daily allowances, vacation and sick leave payments, contributions to insurance, pension and tax funds, salary and bonus parts of wages. It is necessary to keep records of such documentation from the first day of establishment of the organization until the moment of termination of activity.

Documentation accounting

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, such documents may have different periods of storage in the archive. It is extremely important to maintain the retention period for salary documents, since such documents may be required in various situations. For example, when calculating the amount of monthly pension payments due to an employee, various benefits, compensation and other social benefits. Organizations must independently ensure proper accounting and storage of all produced documentation, as established in the list of standard management documents. Failure to comply with the rules and storage periods threatens legal entities with significant fines.

Shelf life

If we move on to specific storage periods for documentation on wages and other payments, they can range from 50 to 75 years. For 75 years, organizations must keep the following documents: • personal accounts of employees; • documents for the issuance of wages, fees and benefits; • documents for all other payments to employees.

Changes in archiving

In 2021, the President of the Russian Federation signed a decree on important changes in archiving, the provisions of which also affected the storage periods for salary documents. After the law comes into force, all archival documents on cash payments to personnel of organizations formed after 2003 must be stored for 50 years. That is, the above storage periods for salary documentation for 75 years are valid only for archival files generated before 2003. It is also important to note that in connection with these legislative changes, the storage period for documents is now counted not from the moment the employee is dismissed from the organization, but from the moment the file is created for this employee. The entire array of archival documents on wages when deposited should now be divided into two parts: into documents deposited for 75 years and documents deposited for 50 years.

Storage periods for accounting documents

As already mentioned, the storage period is regulated by the norms of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting”. For most accounting papers it is five years. The nuances are related to the procedure for calculating this period.

Thus, for primary accounting documents, accounting registers, accounting records and audit reports thereon, the countdown of the five-year period begins after the corresponding reporting year (Clause 1 of Article No. 402-FZ). And in relation to documents related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, including accounting policies and tools that ensure the reproduction of electronic documents, as well as verification of the authenticity of an electronic signature, the five-year period is counted from the year in which they were last used to compile the accounting (financial) reporting (clause 2 of Art. Law No. 402-FZ).

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Verified supporting documents (cash documents and books, bank documents, counterfoils of cash check books, orders, time sheets, bank notices and transfer requests, acts of acceptance, delivery, write-off of property and materials, receipts, invoices and advance reports, correspondence) are also relied upon store for at least five years, and in the event of disputes or disagreements - until a decision is made on the case, even if it is made outside this period (Article 277 of List No. 236). But the storage period for protocols, acts, certificates, calculations, statements, conclusions on revaluation, determination of depreciation, write-off of fixed assets and intangible assets begins to flow only from the moment of disposal of fixed assets and intangible assets (Article 323 of List No. 236).

As a general rule, the storage period for travel documents is 5 years. But this period increases to 50 years if there are no other documents confirming harmful and dangerous working conditions (Article 553 of List No. 236).

ATTENTION

Here and further in the text, the storage period of 50 years established in List No. 236 applies to documents created after January 1, 2003. Similar documents drawn up before this date cannot be destroyed for 75 years.

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Retention periods for personnel documents

Personnel documents completed after January 1, 2003 must be stored for 50 years (Clause 2, Article 22.1 of Law No. 125-FZ). This is the period that applies to employment contracts, as well as all additional agreements to them, including termination agreements; personal files and personal cards of employees (Articles 435, 444, 445 of List No. 236).

Also, all orders and instructions regarding personnel, including documents (memos, certificates, statements) to them, are stored for at least half a century. We are talking about orders for admission, transfer, relocation, combination, part-time work, dismissal, remuneration, certification, advanced training, assignment of class ranks, ranks, titles, encouragement, awards, changes in biographical data, parental leave, leaves without pay (Article 434 of List No. 236). A similar storage period also applies to original personal documents (work book, diplomas, certificates, certificates) that were not claimed by employees upon dismissal (Article 449 of List No. 236).

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IMPORTANT

A half-century storage period is also established for civil contracts with individuals, as well as acts on them (Article 301 of List No. 236).

There are exceptions to the general rule. For example, documents related to the application of disciplinary sanctions can be destroyed after three years (Articles 454 and 434 of List No. 236). The same storage period is defined for vacation schedules (Article 453 of List No. 236) and consents to the processing of personal data. True, in the latter case, the countdown of the three-year period begins after the expiration of the consent or its revocation (Article 441 of List No. 236). Please note that this concession does not apply to basic documents (regulations or instructions) on the processing of personal data. They must be stored permanently (Article 440 of List No. 236). You will also always have to take care of orders, instructions and other personnel documents related to the main activity (Article 19 of List No. 236). For example, such documents include orders on approval of the structure of the organization, on the creation of divisions (branches), on taking office, on assigning the duties of the chief accountant to the manager, on early resignation, on the appointment of responsible persons, on the approval and implementation of LNA.

A five-year preservation period is established for work time sheets (if working conditions are dangerous or harmful, this period increases 10 times), orders, instructions and other documents on administrative and economic issues (Articles 402 and 19 of List No. 236). A similar period is allocated for storing orders for the provision of annual paid and educational leave, as well as orders for sending on business trips for workers not engaged in work with harmful and dangerous working conditions. If the work is “harmful,” then orders for business trips cannot be destroyed for 50 years (Article 434 of List No. 236).

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In addition, copies of reports, applications, lists of employees, certificates, extracts from protocols, conclusions, correspondence and other documents on the payment of benefits, payment of sick leave and the issuance of financial assistance are kept for five years (Article 298 of List No. 236). But payrolls and documents for them, payslips for the issuance of wages, benefits, fees, financial assistance and other payments will have to be preserved for a year longer - for six years (Article 295 of List No. 236).

ATTENTION

Pay slips and payslips should be kept for six years only if the employer maintains personal accounts for employees. Otherwise, these documents must remain preserved for 50 years (Article 295 of List No. 236).

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The essence of the payslip

The payroll sheet contains information about all employees and their accruals, as well as the amount of deductions from the earnings of each employee.

A sample of this document is a form that consists of two parts, namely:

• title page with basic details of the individual entrepreneur;
• a table compiled with the data of all employees who work on the basis of an employment relationship with an individual entrepreneur.

The payslip is formed on the basis of the T-51 form. The first part requires you to specify several basic parameters:

• full registration name of the individual entrepreneur;
• tax payer identification code;
• date of filling out the form;
• the total amount of funds paid;
• the period for which payment is calculated.

All of them have a specific location in the salary sheet, which may differ depending on the area of ​​the individual entrepreneur’s business. The payroll contains detailed figures for calculating remuneration for employees in its second part. It is a table that can be several pages long. Each line in it corresponds to a separate staffing unit, and each column indicates the accrual or deduction for a given TIN. We must not forget that if the table is very long, each sheet is numbered, and information about the total quantity is indicated in a special field when the payroll is processed. The total number of columns in the T-51 form should be 18.

The completed payslip is stored in the accounting documentation of the individual entrepreneur for 5 years, as it relates to the primary documentation. These are the requirements of regulatory acts of the Russian Federation.

It is worth noting that the pay slip is filled out in the amount of one piece, both for those employees who receive their salaries in cash, and for those who have issued bank cards or opened current accounts for this purpose.

Form T-51 is not approved by the manager, but is only signed by the accountant who issued it. This is due to the fact that the payroll statement does not give the right to issue funds, but only assumes their future transfer.

Retention periods for tax documents

Accounting and tax accounting data and other documents necessary for the calculation and payment of taxes, including documents confirming receipt of income, expenses, as well as payment (withholding) of taxes, must be stored for four years. These are the rules of subparagraph 8 of paragraph 1 of Article 23 and subparagraph 5 of paragraph 3 of Article of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The countdown of the period begins after the end of the tax period in which the document was last used for preparing tax reports, calculating and paying taxes, confirming income received and expenses incurred (letter of the Ministry of Finance dated July 19, 2017 No. 03-07-11/45829).

IMPORTANT

An exception is made for documents confirming the amount of loss incurred. They are supposed to be kept for the entire period when it reduces the tax base of the current tax period by the amounts of previously received losses (clause 4 of Article 283, clause 7 of Article 346.18 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

A four-year shelf life is specified for the purchase ledger and sales ledger, including additional sheets to them. In this case, the countdown is carried out from the date of the last entry in the book (clause 24 of the Rules for maintaining the purchase book and clause 22 of the Rules for maintaining the sales book, approved by Government Decree No. 1137 of December 26, 2011). As for invoices, they should be kept for five years (Article 317 of List No. 236).

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A five-year retention period is established for tax returns and calculations for all types of taxes. The exception is individual entrepreneur declarations for the period up to 2002 inclusive. They must be stored for 75 years (Article 310 of List No. 236). But the calculation of insurance premiums cannot be destroyed for 50 years from the date of its preparation (Article 308 of List No. 236).

Documents necessary for the calculation and payment of insurance premiums must be kept for six years (subclause 6, clause 3.4 of Article of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Such documents include, in particular, individual accounting cards for the amounts of accrued payments and other remunerations and the amounts of accrued insurance premiums (Article 309 of List No. 236).

ATTENTION

In the absence of personal accounts or payroll records, individual accounting cards will have to be protected for 50 years (Article 309 of List No. 236).

From what point does the storage period for documents used to calculate insurance premiums begin? There is no direct explanation. In our opinion, in this case an analogy with tax documents can be applied. That is, the deadline is counted after the end of the billing period in which the document was last used to calculate and pay contributions and prepare reports on them.

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All correspondence with the tax office (notifications, demands, acts, decisions, resolutions, objections, complaints, applications) is required to be kept for five years. This period is doubled if the complaint is filed based on the results of an on-site or desk inspection (clauses 148 and 314 of List No. 236). All electronic documents with UKEP, and certificates of keys for verifying the electronic signature with which complaints and technological documents are endorsed, must be stored for at least five years. Here, the deadlines are counted from the date of receipt or sending of the relevant document (clause 3 of the Procedure given in Appendix No. 4 to the Federal Tax Service order dated December 20, 2019 No. MMV-7-9 / [email protected] ).

REFERENCE

Contracts for the purchase of goods, works, and services to meet state and municipal needs must be kept for five years after the termination of obligations under them (Article 224 of List No. 236).

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Payroll: purpose and application

After all calculations of amounts have been made, it is necessary to fill out a salary slip, which will give the right to pay directly to employees. This is the T-53 form.

It represents payroll statements, which are the basis for the generation of payment orders for the transfer of salary amounts through banks, as well as cash orders for making payments through the cash register. The choice of form of receiving money is chosen by the employee himself according to his own wishes and interests.

The payroll consists, like the payroll, of two parts:

• title;
• tabular.

The first sheet contains the basic registration data of the individual entrepreneur. A distinctive feature of the title of this document is the presence on it of a column with information about the expiration date that this payroll has. The requirements of the Decree of the Bank of Russia indicate that payments can be made in form T-53 only within 5 days after the document is endorsed by the head of the legal entity.

The payroll in the second part is a table that consists of six columns and rows in the number of individual entrepreneurs. The sample table from this form requires entering such data;

• serial number in the table;
• number from the personal file of a specific employee;
• employee data, namely his full name;
• amounts to be paid by employee;
• summed up amount of issue;
• signature of the recipient of funds;
• confirmation document for cash withdrawal.

The payroll is filled out based on primary documents. As for the last column, in cases where expenditure payments are not made through the cash register, it is crossed out with a dash.

To make payments according to the data in the T-53 form, it is necessary for the document to be endorsed by the head and executive accountant of the legal entity.

After the expiration of the billing period, it must be closed. This must be done even if not everyone has received the funds.

The process of closing this form involves several steps:

1. opposite the full names of employees who have not received funds, indicate “deposited”;
2. summarize the amounts paid and unpaid;
3. the cashier confirms the document with a signature;
4. A general settlement account is formed with the amount of funds issued, and its number is written down in the statement.

How to switch to a new nomenclature: step-by-step instructions

To organize the current paperwork process and the subsequent transfer of documents for storage, you need a nomenclature of cases. This is a systematized list of the titles of cases entered into office work during the year, indicating the periods of their storage. Such a list is necessary for the correct formation of documents, organization of their recording and safety, as well as quick search.

We must strive to ensure that the nomenclature of cases reflects all the functions and areas of work of the organization or individual entrepreneur. Otherwise, during the paperwork process, documents will inevitably appear that are not included in the nomenclature, which can lead to a violation of the storage order and even loss of documents.

Based on the form of case nomenclature approved by Order of the Ministry of Culture dated March 31, 2015 No. 526, we can recommend the following procedure for transition to the new nomenclature. First, you need to enter the numbering of the organization's structural divisions. These numbers will be required to create a case index, since it includes the serial number of the case, as well as the number of the structural unit.

REFERENCE

With a multi-level internal structure of an organization, you can enter complex indices consisting of groups of numbers separated from each other by a hyphen. For example, separate numbers can be assigned to departments, departments within departments, and work groups within a department.

The second step when transitioning to a new nomenclature is to develop rules for forming case headings. In this case, one must proceed from the fact that the title in a clear but generalized form should reflect the main content and composition of the case documentation. Therefore, you cannot simply indicate “documents” or “correspondence”. It is necessary to specify “hiring documents” or “correspondence with the Federal Tax Service”.

ATTENTION

You cannot use non-specific wording in the title of the case: “Miscellaneous”, “General correspondence”, “Incoming documents”, etc.

The third stage involves the distribution of all cases by storage period, and the introduction of an appropriate paperwork procedure, in which documents are immediately generated by case, based on the storage period. If, when creating documentation, it is difficult to accurately distribute according to storage periods, then a binary system is introduced: initially, all documents relate to cases of either permanent or temporary storage. And the division of temporary storage cases into specific periods is carried out at the next stage by specialists responsible for managing affairs in the organization.

IMPORTANT

Is it necessary to include electronic documents in the nomenclature? Clause 96 GOST R 7.0.8-2013 “SIBID. Record keeping and archiving. Terms and definitions" defines an electronic file as an electronic document or a set of electronic documents and metadata for them, formed in accordance with the nomenclature of files. Therefore, electronic files are included in the nomenclature common to paper files. When adding electronic documents to the general nomenclature, you must be guided by the same rules that apply to “paper” documentation.

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Fines for violating the document storage procedure

The most common situation when violation of the procedure or storage period can result in a fine is failure to submit a document at the request of the Federal Tax Service. Let us remind you that such a request can be sent both during an inspection of the taxpayer himself (on-site or office), and as part of a counter inspection, or without ordering an inspection at all (Articles 93 and 93.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation; for more details, see “The Federal Tax Service Inspectorate requires documents: for which requests need to be answered, and which ones can be ignored” and “The Federal Tax Service Inspectorate requested data on a counterparty or transaction: when is this legal, and what will happen if the request is not answered”). In all cases, failure to submit or untimely submission of each document that the taxpayer must have will result in a fine of 200 rubles. (clause 1 of article 126 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

ATTENTION

You can facilitate and speed up the process of sending documents to the inspection using special services, for example, the “Connector Kontur.Extern” web service. It makes it possible to send tens of thousands of electronic documents to tax authorities at a time. Through the “Connector” you can transfer to the Federal Tax Service any electronic documents created in approved formats (for example, invoices, TORG-12 invoices, etc.), as well as scanned images of any documents created on paper: acts, contracts, payments and etc.

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In addition, the absence of primary documents or invoices may result in tax liability for gross violation of accounting rules. Here the size of the fine depends on the consequences. If the violation did not lead to an understatement of the tax base, then the fine will range from 10,000 to 30,000 rubles. (Clause 1 and 2 of Article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If, due to the lack of documents, the tax base was underestimated, then the fine will be equal to 20% of the amount of unpaid tax, but not less than 40,000 rubles. (clause 3 of article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Failure to comply with the storage deadlines for documents may become the basis for bringing the organization and its employees to administrative liability. For example, for failure to fulfill the obligation to store documents of a JSC or LLC within the time limits provided for by current legislation, a fine is imposed. Its size ranges from 2,500 to 5,000 rubles. for officials and from 200,000 to 300,000 rubles. for society itself (parts 1 and 2 of article 13.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). And for failure to comply with the storage deadlines for accounting and reporting documents on currency transactions, a fine of 4,000 to 5,000 rubles is provided. for officials and from 40,000 to 50,000 rubles. for organizations (Part 6 of Article 15.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). Slightly smaller penalties (from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles for officials and from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles for legal entities) are provided for violation of the terms of storage of accounting documents for foreign economic transactions with goods, information, works, services or results of intellectual activity for purposes of export control (Part 2 of Article 14.20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).