Accounting entries for writing off materials for production, damage, sale

Materials are the main element of current assets, which are used as an intermediate element in the activities of the organization. Let's look at the basic accounting entries for writing off materials for production, sale and damage.

The receipt of materials into the organization is recorded at the actual purchase price (excluding VAT).

Accounting for the consumption (issue) of materials into production. Accounting entries

The release of materials into production means their release from the organization's warehouse (shops) directly for the manufacture of products (performance of work, provision of services), as well as the consumption of materials for the management needs of the organization.

The release of materials to the warehouses of departments (shops) of the organization and to construction sites is considered as internal movement.

As materials are released from the warehouses of departments (shops) to workplaces, they are written off from the material asset accounts and credited to the corresponding production cost accounts. The cost of materials released for management needs is charged to the appropriate accounts for accounting for these expenses.

The primary accounting documents for the release (consumption) of materials from the organization's warehouses to the organization's divisions (shops) are a limit-fetch card (standard interindustry form N M-8), a demand invoice (standard interindustry form N M-11), an invoice (standard interindustry form form N M-15).

Write-off of goods in 1C 8.3 - step-by-step instructions

Every organization periodically faces a situation when it is necessary to write off a product due to damage, non-repairability, for business or office needs. It also often happens that during the inventory the goods are not found. When renting 1C, the actions will be similar.

Write-offs can be made in two ways:

• Based on inventory - automatically.
• A separate document - manually.

In each case, a “Write-off of goods” is created, the only difference is in the process. When preparing a separate document, filling out is carried out manually, and based on the inventory, all data is transferred automatically. Let's first create the document “Inventory of goods”. Based on it, it is possible to create two documents:

• Posting of goods.
• Write-off of goods.

Go to the “Warehouse” menu tab and select the “Goods Inventory” item. Press the “Create” button. An empty form opens:

Filling can be done by warehouse or by the person in charge. For example, let's choose a warehouse. Now you need to add a product. This can be done through the “Add” button by selecting each item separately. This method is used only when you need to account for a small quantity of goods. If the inventory is carried out for all the goods that are in the warehouse, then to do this, press the “Fill” button and select the “Fill according to warehouse balances” item. The 1C program in the cloud will enter into the document the entire number of product units that are listed in the selected warehouse. Pay attention to the display of the number in the columns “Actual Quantity” and “Accounting Quantity”. They are equal. And in the “Deviation” column nothing is indicated, that is, it is zero:

This document must be recorded, printed and sent to the warehouse to calculate the actual number of product units. Let's say it turns out that there is less of one product than is listed in the program, and more of another. The correct data is entered manually in the “Actual Quantity” column. And the deviation is immediately displayed:

For proper registration, you need to fill out the remaining two tabs in the document: “Inventory” and “Inventory commission”. We carry it out. The purpose of inventory is to align the balances of goods that are in the warehouse with the balances that are listed in the 1C program in the cloud. Therefore, it is necessary to create two documents - capitalization of unaccounted goods and write-off of missing goods. Let's focus on write-offs. This action is carried out through the “Create based on” button. Click and select the item “Write-off of goods”. The completed document form opens:

There is no need to change anything here, click “Pass and close”. Now let's look at the wiring:

You can see that the goods were previously listed on the credit account of accounting 41.01 (Goods in warehouses) and were written off to debit account 94. A similar posting in cloud 1C would have been formed when generating a separate document “Write-off of goods” (manually). In this case, you would have to enter all the data yourself.

List of accounts involved in accounting entries:

Below are accounting entries reflecting the consumption of materials for production and administrative needs.

Accounting for other disposals (write-offs, gratuitous transfers) of materials. Accounting entries

Write-off of materials can be carried out in the following cases:

• that have become unusable after expiration of the storage period;
• obsolete;
• when identifying shortages, thefts or damage, including due to accidents, fires, and natural disasters.

The preparation of the necessary information for making a decision on the write-off of materials is carried out by the Commission with the participation of financially responsible persons. Based on the results of the inspection, the Commission draws up an Act on the write-off of materials for each division of the organization, for financially responsible persons.

The write-off of materials transferred under a gift agreement or free of charge is carried out on the basis of primary documents for the release of materials (waybills, applications for the release of materials to third parties, etc.). Article 146 “Object of taxation” of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation states that the transfer of ownership of assets free of charge is recognized as a sale, that is, subject to VAT.

Below are accounting entries reflecting the write-off and gratuitous transfer of materials

Postings for writing off materials due to damage

Materials can be:

• stolen
• become obsolete morally and physically,
• be destroyed by an accident, etc.

In this case, organizations write off these materials as other non-operating expenses. Write-off is carried out on the basis of an inventory sheet confirming the destruction or depreciation of materials, and an act of write-off of inventory items.

There is also a rate of natural loss of materials, within which materials are written off to the production due to which the natural loss occurred.

Postings:

Accounting for the sale of materials. Accounting entries

When an organization sells materials to individuals and legal entities, the sales price is determined by agreement of the parties (seller and buyer). The calculation and payment of taxes is carried out by the organization in the manner prescribed by current legislation.

The sale of materials is formalized by issuing an invoice for the release of materials to the third party, on the basis of contracts or other documents and an invoice. When transporting goods by road, a consignment note is issued.

The following are accounting entries reflecting the sale of materials.

Postings for the sale of materials

An organization can sell materials it does not need to third parties at a price that satisfies both of them, which for the organization will be other expenses and income.

Typical wiring: