Salary and tax postings in 2021: accounting

Salary in accounting: basic operations

What insurance premiums are charged on wages?

Labor compensation accrued: postings

GLAVBUKH-INFO

Calculation of salary taxes and contributions: accounting features

Postings for calculating penalties on insurance premiums

Salary issued (reflected on the employee’s personal account): postings

If the salary is paid from the cash register?

Payment of taxes and contributions: postings

Postings for fixed payments of individual entrepreneurs

Salary deductions: postings

Payroll and Chart of Accounts

Purpose of deposited salary: nuances

Postings in a budget institution

Postings

Accounting in examples

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Payroll accounting is carried out within the framework of the following main operations:

payroll;
personal income tax withholding and salary contributions;
making other deductions (for example, alimony under writs of execution);
salary payments (advance, main part);
payment of taxes and wage contributions to the budget.

These business operations may be supplemented by others, which are determined by the peculiarities of the production process at the enterprise. For example, by depositing salaries.

Each of the noted transactions must be reflected in the accounting registers. They are carried out at different times, which can be determined based on the specifics of tax accounting at the enterprise and the requirements of labor legislation.

Let's study how the timing of the noted transactions for accounting is established, as well as what entries are used when calculating and paying wages.

After calculating wages, insurance premiums must be calculated. Their number and volume depend on the type of activity of the economic entity, the applied taxation system, and the amount of payments. Insurance premiums include the following payments:

Transfers to pension insurance - 22% (tariff valid until the end of 2021).
Payments for compulsory health insurance - 5.1%.
Social security contributions - 2.9%.
Contributions to the Social Insurance Fund for insurance against accidents at work - from 0.2% to 8.5%.

Above are the basic payroll insurance rates. However, rates may vary depending on the type of activity of the employer. Organizations that are on the simplified tax system and are employed in a certain production area, as well as in the field of healthcare, construction, sports development and others can apply for preferential payments in a reduced amount. In addition, it is allowed to charge contributions in a reduced amount for payers whose activities meet the criteria of Art. 427 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. We are talking about entities working in technological, scientific fields and others.

Contributions for injuries to the Social Insurance Fund also depend on the type of work. The higher the hazard class for employees, the larger the amount of deductions.

Salaries must be paid at least every half month. For example, until the end of the current month for the first half and until the middle of the next month for the second half. Thus, the generally accepted approach is that the components of salary are:

An advance paid before the end of the billing month.

Accounting records only reflect the fact of payment of the advance (later in the article we will look at the entries used for such purposes).

The main part of the salary paid at the end of the payroll month.

If wages are accrued, the posting is as follows: Dt 20 Kt 70 - for the amount of wages for the entire month (regardless of the amount of the advance payment transferred).

In this case, the posting can also be generated by debit of accounts:

23 - if the salary is intended for employees of auxiliary production;
25 - if salaries are transferred to employees of industrial workshops;
26 - if the salary is accrued to management;
29 - when calculating wages to employees of service industries;
44 - if salaries are paid to employees of trade departments;
91 - if the employee is engaged in an activity that is not related to the main one;
96 - if the salary is calculated from reserves for future costs;
99 - if payments are calculated from net profit.

The salary accrual date is determined based on tax accounting standards, according to which salaries are recognized as income only at the end of the billing month (clause 2 of Article 223 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

In accordance with Art. 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, wages must be paid to employees at least every half month on the day established by the internal labor regulations, collective agreement, or employment contract.

Specific terms for payment of wages are established by the organization independently in the collective agreement.

Remuneration for the organization's employees is carried out at approved tariff rates (salaries) and piece rates, depending on the remuneration system adopted by the organization and the terms of the employment agreement (contract).

Amounts of remuneration (salaries, bonuses, remunerations based on the results of work for the year, etc.) due to employees are reflected in the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for remuneration” in correspondence with the accounts of production costs (for trade organizations - selling expenses) and other sources.

The calculation and distribution of wages among the previously specified groups of personnel is carried out on the basis of primary accounting documents (working time sheets, shift production reports, downtime sheets, piece work orders, etc.). All primary accounting documents are sent to the accounting department, where they are grouped by production, workshops, divisions of the organization, and within them by types of products (work, services) produced, as well as by items of general production and general expenses. Grouped primary accounting documents serve as the basis for assigning amounts of accrued wages to the appropriate accounts.

To summarize data for each employee, workshop, division, etc., personal accounts, payment and pay slips are drawn up.

In accordance with the Standard Recommendations for the organization of accounting for small businesses, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 21, 1998 No. 8 64n, in small enterprises a wage record sheet (form No. B-8) can be used to calculate and pay for labor.

Operations for calculating wages and distributing them among production cost (selling expenses) accounts are recorded using the following entries:

No.

Contents of business transactions	Corresponding accounts
Contents of business transactions	Debit	Credit
1	Accrued wages to employees of the main production	20	70
2	Accrued wages to employees of auxiliary production	23	70
3	Accrued wages for workers involved in production maintenance	25	70
4	Accrued wages to the management personnel of the organization	26	70
5	Payments were accrued to employees involved in correcting defects	28	70
6	Accrued wages to employees of service industries and farms	29	70
7	Accrued wages to employees engaged in trading activities or operations for the sale of finished products	44	70
8	Payments have been accrued to employees involved in performing work, the costs of which are classified as future expenses (mining preparatory work, etc.)	97	70

Expenses for remuneration of employees associated with the acquisition and creation of inventories, equipment for installation, fixed assets and intangible assets are not included in the cost of production and, ultimately, are taken into account in the cost of acquired or created assets.

The accrual of wages for the above operations is reflected in the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” in correspondence with the debit of accounts for accounting for equipment for installation (account 07), materials (accounts 10, 15) and investments in non-current assets (account 08 ).

Payment of wages is made, as a rule, from the organization's cash desk. At the request of individual employees, payments can be made by non-cash transfer of wages to the bank accounts of employees.

Payment of wages and other types of remuneration is reflected in the debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” in correspondence with accounts for cash accounting (account 50 “Cash”, account 51 “Settlement accounts”).

When paying money from the cash desk, organizations must be guided by the Procedure for conducting cash transactions in the Russian Federation, approved by decision of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Russia dated September 22, 1993 No. 40.

Cash issuance from cash registers of organizations is carried out according to cash receipts orders or payment and settlement statements. Documents for the issuance of money must be signed by the manager, chief accountant of the organization or persons authorized to do so. When issuing money under an expense cash order or a document replacing it to an individual, the cashier requires the presentation of a document (passport or other document) identifying the recipient, writes down the name and number of the document, by whom and when it was issued, and selects the recipient’s receipt. A receipt for receipt of money can only be made by the recipient personally in ink or with a ballpoint pen indicating the amount received: rubles in words, kopecks in numbers. When receiving money according to a payroll (settlement and payment) statement, the amount in words is not indicated.

The issuance of money to persons who are not on the payroll of the organization is carried out according to cash receipts issued separately for each person, or according to a separate statement based on concluded agreements. The cashier issues money only to the person indicated in the cash receipt order or a document replacing it.

If the issuance of money is made by power of attorney, executed in the prescribed manner, in the text of the order after the last name, first name and patronymic of the recipient of the money, the accounting department indicates the last name, first name and patronymic of the person entrusted with receiving the money.

If money is issued according to a statement, before the receipt of money, the cashier writes the following inscription: “By power of attorney.”

The power of attorney remains as an attachment to the cash receipt order or statement.

Upon expiration of the established deadlines for payment of labor (usually the period is three days), payment of social insurance benefits, the cashier must:

in the payment (settlement and payment) statement against the names of the persons to whom the specified payments have not been made, put a stamp or make an o;
draw up a register of deposited amounts;
at the end of the payroll (settlement and payment) statement, make an inscription about the amounts actually paid and subject to deposit, check them with the total total on the payroll and seal the inscription with your signature;
record in the cash book the amount actually paid and indicate in the statement the number of the cash receipt order.

The accounting department checks the marks made by the cashier in the payment (settlement and payment) statements and calculates the amounts issued and deposited on them.

The deposited amounts are handed over to the bank, and one general cash order is drawn up for the deposited amounts.

Deposited amounts (i.e., accrued but not paid on time due to the failure of recipients of wages) are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” and the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” ( subaccount 76–4 “Settlements on deposited amounts”).

When these amounts are paid to the recipient, an entry is made to the debit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” and to the credit of cash accounting accounts.

In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is allowed, upon a written application from an employee of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, to pay for labor in non-monetary (in-kind) form.

The transfer of finished products (goods) as wages for the organization is recognized as the sale of these products (goods). Therefore, when paying wages in kind, an organization has an obligation to accrue and pay value added tax to the budget.

In addition, upon the sale of products during the formation of the financial result at the end of the reporting period, an object of income tax may arise.

The payment of wages to employees in kind in accounting can be reflected by the following entries:

No.	Contents of business transactions	Corresponding accounts
No.	Contents of business transactions	Debit	Credit
1	Wages accrued to employees of the organization	20, 23, 25, etc.	70
2	The sales value of finished products issued to employees in kind is reflected (including VAT)	70	90-1
3	The cost of issued finished products is written off	90-2	43
4	VAT is charged on the sales value of the products issued	90-3	68-1
5	The financial result (profit) from the sale of finished products has been determined	90-9	99

The accrual of income to employees from participation in the capital of the organization is reflected in the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” in correspondence with account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”. The paid amounts of income (dividends) from participation in the capital of the organization are reflected in the debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” in correspondence with the cash accounts.

Analytical accounting for account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” is maintained for each employee of the organization.

The organization must conduct an inventory of wage payments, during which unpaid amounts of wages to be transferred to the account of depositors are identified for debts to employees of the organization, as well as the amounts and reasons for overpayments to employees.

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Immediately after payroll is calculated:

1. Personal income tax

The fact of calculation and withholding of personal income tax is reflected in the accounting registers by posting Dt 70 Kt 68.

If a personal income tax deduction is applied to wages, then it does not need to be reflected in accounting.

2. Insurance premiums.

The fact of their accrual is reflected by posting Dt 20 Kt 69.

As in the case of salary postings, correspondence can also be generated by debits of such accounts as 23, 25, 26, 29, 44 and others that we discussed above.

The accrual of personal income tax and contributions is shown, like the accrual of wages, on the last day of the month.

Personal income tax and contributions are calculated on the total amount of salary without any adjustment for the advance payment.

From November 30, 2020, the cashier is not required to require a passport from the recipient of funds to identify him.

When the salary is issued, the postings will be as follows.

In case of untimely repayment of outstanding contributions, the organization will have to pay the amount of penalties received. And here some nuances already appear. Indeed, in the case when insurance premiums are accrued, the posting takes the form - Dt cost account - Kt 69.

When penalties appear, account 99 is used. Postings for calculating penalties on insurance premiums are reflected in the accounting records as follows: Dt 99 - Kt 69 (the required subaccount is used). Repayment of debt on penalties will create an accounting entry: Dt 69 (corresponding subaccount) - Kt 51.

If it is discovered that insurance premiums have not been transferred in full, in addition to penalties, the amount of arrears is also collected from the payer. If the amounts were initially calculated incorrectly, the arrears of insurance premiums should be calculated; the entries are identical in this case to the usual calculation of payments: Dt expense account - Kt 69.

The fact of salary payment is reflected in accounting by posting Dt 70 Kt 51 (or 50).

A similar posting is used when paying an advance.

The date of formation of the above posting for salary or advance payment is determined based on the date of each payment.

In this case, the actual amount of the “basic” labor payment is calculated minus the advance and personal income tax. It turns out that the tax is “withdrawn” from the corresponding amount, although it is charged on the total salary (the summed amount of the “basic” payment and advance payment). This circumstance reflects the specifics of tax accounting.

In accounting, therefore, in any case, the following should be distinguished:

advance amount;
the amount of the “basic” payment.

Postings of payment of wages in terms of the advance and its second half are recorded in the accounting registers on the day the funds are issued to employees.

After all the transfers, the employees’ personal payroll accounts are filled out (on Form T-54). Information is entered into them monthly.

If the payment is made through a cash register, the employer must comply with the cash handling rules established by the Central Bank of Russia:

Salaries are paid according to the payroll.
A cash receipt order is attached to the statement.
Receipts cannot be kept in the organization's cash register for more than 5 days.
Each employee must sign for receipt of money.

If within 5 days an employee was unable to receive his salary for some reason, the accountant is obliged to put a “Deposited” stamp next to the undisbursed amounts.

Personal income tax is withheld and transferred from the paid salary (“main” payment) no later than the day following the day the funds are issued.

Contributions are transferred by the 15th day of the month following the month for which the salary was accrued.

Information about this is reflected in the accounting registers when transactions are activated:

Dt 68 Kt 51 - tax paid;
Dt 69 Kt 51 - contributions transferred.

In order to reflect in accounting information about other types of labor payments - vacation pay, travel allowances - the same correspondence is used. But you need to keep in mind that in the entries used in payroll and those that characterize the issuance of, for example, vacation pay, the dates of deduction and calculation of personal income tax are determined differently.

The fact is that personal income tax on vacation pay is calculated not at the end of the month, but at the time the vacation is paid. Tax is withheld on the day the funds are issued to the employee. Personal income tax on vacation pay can be transferred on any day before the end of the billing month (clauses 4, 6, article 226 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Individual entrepreneurs have the right not to keep accounting records. Accordingly, such an operation as the calculation of fixed payments does not require the individual entrepreneur to prepare transactions. If an entrepreneur nevertheless makes entries for his own accounting of income and expenses, the easiest way is to use the general rules. That is, when calculating fixed payments, the individual posting generates the following:

Dt 20, 26, 44 - Kt 69.02.7 - fixed contributions to the Pension Fund;
Dt 20, 26, 44 - Kt 69.03.1 - fixed contributions to the FFOMS.

Entrepreneurs are not required to transfer payments to other extra-budgetary funds.

Common types of salary deductions include:

Withholding of alimony (based on writs of execution, based on an agreement with the recipient, at the request of the employee).

In the accounting registers it is reflected by posting Dt 70 Kt 76. Subsequent payment of alimony to the recipient is reflected by posting Dt 76 Kt 51 (50).

Withholding amounts to compensate the employer for damages.

Here, to reflect deductions in accounting, posting Dt 70 Kt 73.2 is used.

Retention of unconfirmed expenses issued for reporting.

In such cases, posting Dt 70 Kt 94 is used. Previously unreturned accounts are written off using posting Dt 94 Kt 71.

Deductions are made only after personal income tax is withheld from the employee’s salary (clause 1 of article 210 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, clause 1 of article 99 of the law “On Enforcement Proceedings” dated October 2, 2007 No. 229-FZ).\

Calculating salaries is a very responsible procedure.
It must be remembered that a person works to earn wealth, and an incorrectly calculated salary leads to negative consequences. Also, oversights in the calculation of earned amounts can provoke disagreements in accounting in general in the organization and in tax accounting, for which the fiscal authorities can be held liable. To avoid such mistakes, you need to correctly calculate wages in your accounting accounts. To do this, you need to correctly compile transactions in the accounting department on accounts intended to record the amount of payment for labor.

The chart of accounts is a regulatory document approved by the Ministry of Finance and used by private firms. It acts as a list of accounts that are used in accounting. The components of the main account are correspondent accounts, between which there is a virtual movement of the money supply, including wages for employees of the enterprise.

To spend salaries, the seventieth accounting account is used. This is a synthetic account that reflects general indicators of business transactions and funds in rubles. However, it has a drawback, which is that it is not possible to see the amount of debt that an enterprise or legal entity has for each employee.

In addition to the synthetic account, accounting also uses an analytical account. They enlarge the content of the 1st and identify an indicator for each type of obligations, operations, processes and much more. There is a relationship between analytical and synthetic accounts, which consists in the equality of all balances. We can say that a “synthetic account” consists of an analytical account.

Let's consider an example of an atypical salary payment scheme - when it comes to depositing funds. What is it?

At some enterprises, salaries are issued through a cash register. This means that to receive it, the employee must personally appear at the enterprise. But for one reason or another, for example due to being on sick leave, he may not have time to arrive for the payment of wages on time.

To ensure that the employee has the opportunity to receive his salary later, the accounting department deposits it - temporarily reserving it for a future payment by returning it to a bank account or placing it in the cash register (in the latter case, you need to monitor the cash register limit).

As of November 30, 2020, the rule on reflecting in the payroll the deposit of wages not paid on time has been excluded from Central Bank instruction 3210-U.

If deposited wages are generated, then the posting reflecting this fact will look like this: Dt 70 Kt 76.4. The fact of the return of the amount corresponding to the deposited salary to the current account (if such a decision is made) is reflected by the posting: Dt 51 Kt 50. The fact of its payment when the employee applies is shown by correspondence Dt 76.4 Kt 50.

An employee can receive a deposited salary within 3 years from the date of salary accrual (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated October 6, 2009 No. 3-2-06/109). If he does not do this, then the payment is written off as non-operating income. This fact is reflected by posting Dt 76.4 Kt 91.

Budgetary institutions have a different Chart of Accounts than commercial enterprises.

The table presented below contains transactions for the calculation and issuance of salaries in budgetary organizations.

Debit	Credit	Operation designation
040120211	030211730	Earnings accrued to employees of budgetary organizations
030211830	030301730	Personal income tax withheld from salary
030211830	020134610	Salaries were issued in cash from the organization's cash desk
040120213	030310730	Contributions to the Pension Fund have been accrued
040120213	030302730	Contributions to the Social Insurance Fund have been accrued
040120213	030307730	Contributions to the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund have been accrued
040120213	030306730	Contributions from the National Tax Service at work have been accrued
030211830	030402730	Salary that was not paid on time was deposited
030211830	020111610	Salaries were transferred to employee card accounts
030211830	030403730	Deductions were made according to the writ of execution
030302830	030213730	Sick leave benefits have been accrued (at the expense of the Social Insurance Fund).
040120213	030213730	The benefit was accrued at the expense of the budget organization (3 days).

You may be interested in:
Chart of accounts for [year] with explanations and entries

November 2007

Salaries were calculated for all employees who are involved in the construction of the operating system: Debit 08 Credit 70.

We accrued wages to all employees who are involved in supplying the enterprise with materials: Debit 10 Credit 70.

We accrued salaries to all employees of the main production: Debit 20 Credit 70.

The salaries of all employees of the workshop were accrued additionally: Debit 23 Credit 70.

We accrued wages to production workers: Debit 25 Credit 70.

Administration salaries were accrued: Debit 26 Credit 70.

We accrued wages to all employees who are involved in the sale of commercial products: Debit 44 Credit 70.

The salaries of all workers who are engaged in dismantling equipment were calculated: Debit 91 Credit 70.

We accrued wages to all personnel involved in eliminating the consequences of emergencies: Debit 91 Credit 70.