Accounting for the write-off of a system unit that has become unusable. Recycling of computer equipment

The main reasons for writing off a computer

Let's consider the main reasons for writing off computer equipment.

The main reason for decommissioning equipment is its obsolescence. Or obsolescence . A computer becomes morally obsolete more often than it wears out technically.

Physical wear and tear is the second reason for decommissioning a computer.

Also, the reasons for writing off a PC may be:

breakdown of equipment and the impossibility of repairing it;
theft;
sale of equipment.

The main criterion for writing off computer equipment is its loss of useful qualities. These are all things that make it difficult to work and gain economic benefits from using a computer.

Accounting is inextricably linked with computer registration. You can read more about PC accounting in our article “How to Maintain Accounting for Computer Equipment.”

When equipment becomes unusable and cannot be used, it must be written off. You can read how to do this correctly in the article “How to properly write off computer equipment.”

Decommissioning of computer equipment

Almost no enterprise today can avoid writing off computer equipment, since this category of fixed assets has become firmly entrenched in the production and management process. But you should know how decommissioning computers differs from other OS objects.

Reasons for writing off computer equipment: examples

Our publication is devoted to the disposal of office equipment included in the OS, so we will add just a few words about how to write off a computer costing less than 40,000. Such equipment is usually included in the inventory and is written off as costs during commissioning.

The main criterion for writing off OS is the loss of necessary useful qualities used for production purposes. The classic reasons for such a loss are physical and moral wear and tear, as well as breakdown or damage that cannot be eliminated.

Legislators have approved very short useful lives (USL) for depreciation calculations for office equipment - 3 - 5 years.

We will not dwell on physical wear and tear, since it is associated with an understandable situation when the SPI of office equipment has expired and write-off is carried out legally. Let's talk about obsolescence.

Office equipment, to a much greater extent than other groups of operating systems, is subject to rapid obsolescence.

This is due to the rapid development of computer technology and often leads to the fact that the company’s fleet of working computers requires modernization or complete renewal in order to make production profitable.

And periodically repeated modernization of equipment does not always satisfy the increasing requirements of new software products, so we can talk about obsolescence of the object.

How to determine aging equipment

But it's not that simple. The aging of a computer requires confirmation by facts, which may include the following:

with normal processing of information volume in 1 hour, the computer does this for several hours;
The purchased program cannot be installed on an existing computer due to its outdated parameters, etc.

However, the impossibility of modernization must be proven. The argument here may be the fact that the production of components compatible with the existing computer configuration has ended. In addition, when the service life of the unit specified by the manufacturer expires, its failure can cause significant harm to production.

Reasons for computer breakdown for write-off

The inability to use the unit due to breakdown also becomes a reason for write-off. This could result in a failure:

expensive components of the system unit, the reason for which was a power surge or ingress of water, dust, etc.;
microcircuits due to electrolyte spillage from a depressurized Bios battery, or due to a stabilizer failure;
body blocks due to deformation, etc.

In case of such malfunctions, writing off computer equipment is possible if repairs are unrealistic or their cost is similar to the cost of purchasing a new unit. The write-off procedure begins with the preparation of a conclusion about the presence of a malfunction in office equipment. We will present the write-off algorithm below.

Accessory equipment malfunctions

Monitors, keyboards, and mice also break down, and these faults may or may not be fixable.
The cause of monitor failure may be damage to the matrix or screen processor. The mouse and keyboard are most susceptible to breakdowns (due to burning, sticking or oxidation of contact groups, mechanical failures, etc.) and are replaced quite often. Often the result of breakdowns of auxiliary elements is the failure of the system unit.

The process of writing off components for office equipment is similar to writing off a system unit.

Write-off of office equipment and computers in commercial companies

So, in order for unused equipment not to be listed on the balance sheet, increasing the amount of wear and tear and not benefiting production, it must be written off.

The write-off rules for merchants are very simple.

The legislator does not oblige them to involve specialists to assess the suitability of the equipment from outside, and in order to formalize the write-off of office equipment, a commission should be created from the company’s personnel and its conclusion on the write-off of the computer should be validated, which specifies the causes of breakdowns, the possibility and cost of repairs or the irrationality of its implementation . At the discretion of the head of the company, you can attract a specialized organization or a third-party appraiser if the company does not have such specialists.

Based on the conclusion, they draw up an act of writing off computer equipment.

There is a unified form No. OS-4b “Act on the write-off of groups of fixed assets”, which indicates all the technical characteristics of several objects, the initial and residual (if any) cost of each, the amount of accrued depreciation, the reasons for disposal and information on the presence of precious metals and transfer for recycling.

Legislators do not oblige the use of an act of form No. OS-4b; companies have the right to develop their own document with the mandatory details, but practice has shown that the standard form of an act for writing off computer equipment is more often used, a sample of which can be downloaded below.

Write-off of office equipment in budgetary institutions

The regulations for the procedure for writing off computers from public sector employees have been expanded, since budget funds are strictly controlled by the state manager of budget funds (GRBS). It is he who approves (in most cases) a package of documents for writing off any OS, incl. and office equipment.

Based on the act of writing off office equipment, an order for write-off and disposal of computer equipment is issued.

Recycling of office equipment

Computer devices contain small amounts of precious metals and substances that are dangerous to others. When purchasing and commissioning equipment, a company must take this circumstance into account.

After the equipment is written off, it is sent to specialized enterprises for disposal.

This rule must be observed by all organizations, and the procedure for carrying out the disposal procedure is approved in the set of documents for write-off.

Source: https://spmag.ru/articles/spisanie-kompyuternoy-tehniki

Reasons for writing off computer equipment: examples

Computers, laptops, etc. become obsolete more often than other objects. In some cases, it is easier to buy a new computer than to repair or upgrade an old one.

For example, the cause of a computer breakdown for write-off could be a power surge or a spill of liquid (a drink, especially a sweet one). Also, a common reason for writing off computers or laptops may be battery damage resulting from careless use.

In most cases, repairs are impossible or impractical due to expensive spare parts. For example, replacing the motherboard in a laptop sometimes costs almost as much as a new laptop.

Monitors, keyboards and mice also break. The last two are, of course, more often than the monitor. Keyboards most often break due to careless use, as well as from dust, oxidation or mechanical failure. The same thing happens with mice. They stick, burn, etc. They are rarely repairable.

Therefore, the company decides not to repair the equipment, but to write it off. However, the inability to restore the computer must be proven . For this purpose, it is possible to attract third-party specialists if your employees do not have the appropriate qualifications.

Also, an object must be written off from the balance sheet if equipment is stolen or deliberately broken. To do this, you need to obtain copies of decisions to initiate or terminate a criminal case from the Ministry of Internal Affairs .

Reasons for failure of the system unit for write-off

For the purchased program to work correctly, a certain version of the operating system is required, which cannot be installed on a computer with outdated parameters, etc.

In addition, the reasons for the impossibility of modernization must be stated.

For example, components are not produced that are compatible with the existing computer configuration, which could increase performance or RAM. If this equipment cannot be used in another area of work, then the computers will have to be written off and disposed of.

Moreover, if the service life of such obsolete equipment, established by the manufacturer, has expired, the computer may fail at any time. And it is difficult to predict what the consequences will be.

If the system unit does not work The inability to use the computer due to its breakdown is also the reason for writing off computer equipment.

Monitors, keyboards, and mice also break down, and these faults may or may not be fixable.

The cause of monitor failure may be damage to the matrix or screen processor. The mouse and keyboard are most susceptible to breakdowns (due to burning, sticking or oxidation of contact groups, mechanical failures, etc.) and are replaced quite often. Often the result of breakdowns of auxiliary elements is the failure of the system unit.

The process of writing off components for office equipment is similar to writing off a system unit.

Online cash register: who can take the time to buy a cash register Individual business representatives may not use online cash register until 07/01/2021. However, for the application of this deferment there are a number of conditions (tax regime, type of activity, presence/absence of employees).

So who has the right to work without a cash register until the middle of next year? {amp}lt; ... A bank’s refusal to carry out an operation can be appealed. The Bank of Russia has developed requirements for an application that a bank client (organization, individual entrepreneur, individual) can send to an interdepartmental commission in the event that the bank refuses to make a payment or enter into a bank account (deposit) agreement. {amp}lt;

Depressurization of the Bios battery and, as a result, spillage of electrolyte onto the Bios4 chip. Cracking of the multilayer fiberglass laminate of the multilayer motherboard 5. Combustion due to a voltage surge of the connection Power supply - processor - Memory - motherboard Monitors 1.

Attention Damage to the line transformer as a result of conductive dust entering the monitor. As a result, 15,000 volts pass through the monitor microcircuits. 2. Damage to the retardation line in the color block.

The deceleration line cracked, and the fragment damaged the CRT, resulting in depressurization - color rendering disturbance and geometric distortion - failure of the video signal generation and processing unit - the power supply died, as a result of damage to other modules, the monitor burned out and cannot be repaired, Monitors1 . Moisture getting into the monitor while it is running2.

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However, there are certain periods during which you do not have to pay contributions for yourself if there is no business activity.

However, these reporting forms are list-based, i.e. contain information about all employees.

This means transferring a copy of such a report to one employee means disclosing the personal data of other employees. {amp}lt; ...

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Examples of malfunctions include:

burnout of several expensive components of the system unit due to a power surge (moisture, dust, etc.),
physical deformation of the system unit case, leading to breakage of the elements located inside it,
depressurization of the Bios battery and spilling of electrolyte onto the microcircuits,
failure of the voltage stabilizer, leading to burnout of microcircuits, etc.

In the presence of such faults, writing off computer equipment is feasible only in cases where repair is impossible or the cost of repair is comparable to the cost of purchasing similar new equipment. An organization can draw up a conclusion about the causes of the breakdown, as well as about the possibility of repair and its cost, if it has specialists on staff with the necessary qualifications.

Cathode ray tube tube cracking (improper storage or temperature)3. Failure of the high-voltage protection of the line transformer, and as a result - combustion of all electronics.4.

Defocusing of the mixing system and, as a result, loss of phosphor glow (full or partial) Hub As a result of swelling and loss of capacity of the electrolytic capacitor of the power supply, the supply voltage increased 4 times (instead of 9 volts - 36 volts) which led to failure of the electronic filling of the Hub and as a result, to his inappropriate behavior.

It cannot be repaired, since the element required for repair is not supplied by the manufacturer outside of finished products.” Klava You can also write it like this.”1. When storing the keyboard near a heat source, thermal deformation of the sensitive elements of the keyboard occurred. “Cheap keyboards have flexible contact groups inside.

They become deformed due to temperature and no longer coincide with the contacts. This cannot be cured.2. When sweet liquid got into the keyboard, the contact groups stuck together.

Mechanical release is impossible due to damage to the contact groups. Soaking leads to corrosion of contact groups.3.

When there was a power surge in the 220-volt network, and due to the fact that the system unit used a cheap power supply that was not equipped with protection, a sudden voltage drop occurred, which resulted in the burnout of the peripheral controllers, namely the keyboard and mouse controller.

The carriage along with the mechanism. The cost of repairs in this case is higher than the cost of a new printer. Xerox1.

From all of the above, we can summarize that the most unreliable elements of a computer are power supplies, hard drives and motherboards with coolers. All these elements contain both power supply transistors and moving parts - fans, motors.

In 2006-2007, the analytical company Gartner published the results of a 4-year study, which show that, although in recent years personal computers, thanks to the efforts of manufacturing companies, have become more and more reliable, every twentieth desktop computer and every sixth laptop require repair within a year from the date of purchase.

Spare parts for computers of this version have not been produced for a long time.2. CPU burnout3.

By frequency of manifestation

Episodic (crashes)
Systematic (malfunctions)

We invite you to read: Write-off of monthly vacation reserve

By location

Hardware
Software and hardware
Software

A faulty memory should be replaced; repairing is pointless.

Troubleshooting: replacement, repair.

It is advisable to repair hard drives if the damage is minor or they contain valuable information.

Here are the main reasons why an external drive does not work on a computer.

Read more about power supply malfunctions. Troubleshooting: replacing the power supply.

Network problem

For diagnostics, you can disable the network card in the BIOS, or remove an additional one.

Possible causes of virus infection:

visiting phishing sites, opening infected emails, and downloading infected programs;
poor antivirus protection.

Awast antivirus can lead to a “blue screen of death” and cause freezes. Recommendation: change your antivirus.

For this reason, it is best to write it off legally.

Decommissioning of computer equipment

Office equipment, to a much greater extent than other groups of operating systems, is subject to rapid obsolescence.

This is due to the rapid development of computer technology and often leads to the fact that the company’s fleet of working computers requires modernization or complete renewal in order to make production profitable.

And periodically repeated modernization of equipment does not always satisfy the increasing requirements of new software products, so we can talk about obsolescence of the object.

But it's not that simple. The aging of a computer requires confirmation by facts, which may include the following:

with normal processing of information volume in 1 hour, the computer does this for several hours;
The purchased program cannot be installed on an existing computer due to its outdated parameters, etc.

The inability to use the unit due to breakdown also becomes a reason for write-off. This could result in a failure:

expensive components of the system unit, the reason for which was a power surge or ingress of water, dust, etc.;
microcircuits due to electrolyte spillage from a depressurized Bios battery, or due to a stabilizer failure;
body blocks due to deformation, etc.

In addition, he examines the possibility of using spare parts, structures and principles of their restoration.

The main prerequisite for writing off fixed assets is their loss of useful properties for which they were acquired and used. The reasons for such loss are:

physical deterioration;
obsolescence;
irreparable damage or damage.

Computer equipment, more than other types of equipment, is characterized by rapid obsolescence.

The rapid development of computer technology often leads to the fact that the existing fleet of computer equipment, which is in working order, still needs to be updated and modernized for production purposes.

Therefore, for computers and office equipment, fairly short useful life periods for calculating depreciation are established by law - from 3 to 5 years.

To ensure that no longer used computer equipment hangs on the balance sheet, it should be written off.

For merchants, the general procedure for writing off equipment is quite simple.

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, private companies are not required to engage third-party specialists to assess the suitability of computer equipment for further use.

Therefore, to register a write-off, it is enough to create an internal commission of company employees and validate their conclusion.

Only if you don’t have your own specialists capable of making an assessment, you need to invite them from outside.

Based on the commission’s conclusion, an act on the write-off of fixed assets—computer equipment—is drawn up. An order must also be issued that takes into account the possible nuances of write-off and disposal of office equipment (more on this later).

The form of the write-off act can be found in the article “Unified form No. OS-4 - act on write-off of an asset.”

In order to write off computer equipment that is an object of fixed assets, the institution must organize a special permanent commission (clause 34 of the Unified Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n). Write-off of fixed assets is carried out on the basis of its decision.

Source: https://thevenusprojekt.ru/polomki-kompyutera-spisaniya/

Laptop problems

If your laptop breaks down, you want to know how to diagnose the problem, the possibility of repair and the price. Those. Before repairing a laptop, preliminary diagnostics are needed. This article discusses laptop problems and how to diagnose them.

In this article we look at typical breakdowns:

mechanical faults of the laptop case
faulty charging, keyboard,
Laptop motherboard malfunction
failure of the matrix, hinges, cable in the laptop
laptop video card problems
laptop hard drive
laptop battery failure
mobile computer cooling problems
laptop software problems

Broken laptop case

A laptop case is a complex product consisting of many covers, strips, panels, and fasteners. It is the first to take on the physical impacts of users. Its breakdown is not critical for performance, but it brings a lot of inconvenience to its owner. There is usually no laptop case as a whole product, but individual parts are available for sale.

Most often, the top screen cover and hinges, latches break, and less often the base cover. Screen covers and bases form the basis of the case. Their damage disrupts the aesthetic appearance and makes it difficult to use. Read more about laptop case repair here. Costs on average from 3000 rubles.

Laptop power supply failure

Perhaps the most common laptop malfunction is related to its power supply.
Repairing the power supply (charging unit, PSU) makes sense if there is a break or short circuit in the cable or connector. In other cases, it is better to replace the power supply because repairing electronics is difficult. And that's why. The charging case is glued together, the layout is very dense, often the elements are filled with sealant. Moreover, there are no circuits, and the burned-out denominations are unknown. In most cases, a universal charger is suitable as a replacement. The exception is adapters with a three-pin connector. The third contact is used as a service contact for data transfer. A universal power supply is selected based on maximum power. It contains a set of different interchangeable plugs. Usually you can find the one you need for your laptop. The risk of buying a cheap charger is as follows: the touchpad and keyboard may not work well.

Signs of a faulty power supply:

Laptop won't charge;
does not turn on;
no charge indication when the laptop is turned off;
there is no idle voltage at the connector.

Restoration costs from 1000 rubles.

Diagnosing a faulty laptop motherboard

The most serious problems with laptops are related to a faulty motherboard.
Motherboard repair is expensive and usually involves replacing BGA chips using special, expensive equipment. Cheap soldering stations have a high percentage of defects. The process is complex and requires precise adherence to temperature conditions. Repairing a board costs less than a new one, and is faster than delivery and replacement with a new one. The cost of restoring the motherboard in a laptop is 6-8 thousand rubles. Due to its high complexity, diagnostics of motherboard faults are performed only by experienced specialists. A special case is a malfunction of the power connector, which is located on the motherboard. To repair a laptop's power connector, you need to disassemble the laptop, remove the motherboard, unsolder the old connector, solder in a new one and reassemble it again. For all this pleasure you need to pay about 3,000 rubles. Signs of a faulty laptop motherboard:

The laptop does not turn on, even the LEDs do not light up (damage to the power switching circuit);
The laptop's power turns on, the LEDs blink, but the boot does not occur: the motherboard does not start - only a black screen;
the motherboard starts, initial messages appear on the display, but the OS does not load and hangs on one of the messages;
The laptop turns off spontaneously, the processor overheats;
no battery charging;
BIOS does not see a working disk;
short circuit on the laptop motherboard (the protection in the power supply is triggered, the LED on the adapter goes out, there is no voltage at the laptop input).

System unit defects for write-off

Individual business representatives may not use online cash register until July 1, 2019. However, for the application of this deferment there are a number of conditions (tax regime, type of activity, presence/absence of employees). So who has the right to work without a cash register until the middle of next year?

Reasons for decommissioning computers
PC malfunctions for write-off
Recycling of computer equipment
The main causes of failures of system unit devices
Decommissioning of system units

Reasons for decommissioning computers You can add more of this: The main components and parts (can be listed) are worn out and do not provide normal operation of the computer. The hard drive is faulty. The insulation of the connecting wires is cracked. The connecting connectors are worn out and do not provide a reliable electrical connection. .The housing has traces of corrosion.

System unit malfunctions for write-off

Important: Depressurization of the Bios battery and, as a result, leakage of electrolyte onto the Bios4 chip. Cracking of the multilayer fiberglass laminate of the multilayer motherboard 5. Combustion due to a voltage surge in the connection Power supply - processor - Memory - motherboard Monitors + 1.

Damage to the slow line in the chrominance block.

Moisture getting into the monitor while it is running2.

Reasons for decommissioning a computer system unit

The procedure for writing off computer equipment (nuances)
Write-off and recycling of computer equipment
Recycling of computer equipment
The act of writing off computers or other equipment
Decommissioning of computers
How is an equipment write-off act formed?
The act of writing off a computer reasons
Computer write-off act reasons

The procedure for writing off computer equipment (nuances) Among their faults there are also removable and irreparable. The cause of monitor failure may be damage to the matrix, screen processor, etc. Important: They can occur due to even a small impact, overheating of the monitor, moisture and dust getting into it. The keyboard and mouse are particularly vulnerable, and therefore the most frequently replaced elements.

The act of writing off a computer reasons

→ Accounting consultations → Fixed assets Updated: June 26, 2021 The components of any computer device contain a certain, albeit small, amount of precious metals.

When purchasing computer equipment, each organization is obliged to take into account the precious metals it contains in accordance with the law. If such “gold-containing” equipment fails, it cannot simply be thrown away.

Disposal of computer equipment through specialized organizations is mandatory for everyone. If the computer is outdated For the correct operation of modern software, increasingly powerful and fast computers are required.

Unfortunately, there comes a time when upgrading equipment to meet the ever-increasing needs of programs is no longer possible. In this case, the reason for writing off the computer will be its obsolescence.

System unit defects for write-off

PC malfunctions for write-off As a result of high dustiness of the room and high humidity, the power diode of the power stage of the power supply was short-circuited to the case, and therefore the effect of lightning discharges was observed between the conductors of the printed circuit boards, and as a result, the burnout of all low-voltage microcircuits. 4. The system unit failed due to the release of inductive from the magnetic coils of the power supply, which resulted in a cascade overload of the internal circuits of the components of the system unit - the south bridge chipset burned out - electrolyte capacitors swollen - peeled off or mechanically damaged or burnt out tracks on the board - no passes the POST test - the keyboard controller is dead - the video system controller is dead - the mother chipset is dead - the IDE controller is dead - the cooler is burned out or the cooler is completely worn out (the motherboard is burned out) 1.

Source: https://obrazrp.ru/defekty-sistemnogo-bloka-dlya-spisaniya/

Faulty laptop video cards

Most laptops come in a configuration with a soldered video card, when the video adapter elements are located on the motherboard. If such a card malfunctions, you need to change the video chip, i.e. carry out a complex procedure for re-soldering the microcircuit. Sometimes they limit themselves to restoring contacts under it and do “rebowling”. The problem is that large microcircuits cannot withstand many solderings; the risk of defects increases with each re-soldering. Therefore, repairing a laptop video card should only be done by replacing the video chip with a new one.

Some laptops use a separate modular graphics card of a special MXM standard. This module can be changed. There are difficulties when replacing such video cards due to poor compatibility. Incompatibility can manifest itself at the physical level. For example, cards have different shapes, or the location of mounting holes, elements, and chip height. The chip can also be located on the other side of the board. Moreover, joint electrical and software incompatibility is even possible (at the BIOS level of the card and motherboard). See information on replacing a laptop video card.

Signs of a faulty laptop video card

The laptop turns on, but does not start, the video driver crashes and is not installed. In addition, games do not play, there is no image, or it has artifacts, it is buggy, and turns off spontaneously.

Laptop hard drive problems

Hard drives of laptops (HDD) and desktop computers are fundamentally no different. Their malfunctions are the same, diagnostics and repair of hard drives in laptops are performed in the same way. The most common malfunction is damage to the magnetic surface of the disk, as a result of which the magnetic layer and data deteriorate. Software bad sectors that arise as a result of failures are also possible. Damage is diagnosed with special programs, for example mhdd, HDDScan. Software damage can be removed, hardware damage cannot be eliminated.

If the disk breaks (controller malfunction or surface damage), it should be replaced with a new one. To transfer data from a damaged disk, you need to carry out certain work to restore information, without which it will not be possible to clone the disk. Disk data recovery is a separate service that usually costs more than the device itself.

Signs of a bad hard drive

What are the signs that suggest a disk failure?

Firstly, there is no download from it, the system does not see it. Secondly, the download stops. An error or freeze appears. Thirdly, it may be a cyclic reboot. As well as errors in programs, critical Windows errors.

Laptop slows down

The laptop may work slowly due to a “tiled” HDD. This is the latest invention of their manufacturers related to SMR recording technology.

A typical disk has read and write heads of the same size. And a tiled disk has a reading head 10 times smaller. This makes it easy to expand the HDD capacity without any effort. Reading in regular and tiled disks is the same. But the recording is significantly different. For example, to overwrite a sector, a regular disk overwrites the data of only one track. But tiling needs to rewrite the entire block. Tiled disks can monstrously slow down Windows 10. Because such an OS writes to the disk all the time. As a result, the HDD load is close to 100% almost all the time.

The most common reasons for a computer malfunction to be written off - Legal situation

For the purchased program to work correctly, a certain version of the operating system is required, which cannot be installed on a computer with outdated parameters, etc.

In addition, the reasons for the impossibility of modernization must be stated.

If the system unit does not work The inability to use the computer due to its breakdown is also the reason for writing off computer equipment.

A friend at work has two computers on his balance sheet. The first passes as “computer G”, the second as “celeron”. And nothing more is known about them.

It needs to be written off, but no one knows that none have been found among the existing machines... Jeer © (2005-08-10 14:47) [10] 1. Due to moral and technical obsolescence..2. ..

incompatibility of outdated computer architecture solutions with modern software.3. ..

Laptop battery failure

A laptop without a battery not only loses its mobile autonomy properties. But there is also a danger of data loss if there is a sudden power outage. Therefore, battery failure is a significant drawback. The laptop battery consists of a set of lithium cells and a control circuit. When the control circuit is faulty, the battery does not hold voltage for a second and also does not charge. If the elements become low, the battery holds a charge for some time. But if there is a break inside the element, the battery output will also be zero. In addition, all laptops use a special switching circuit located on the motherboard to manage power. If it malfunctions, the battery most likely will not charge. It is difficult to diagnose a battery malfunction at home; you need to contact a service center.

And one more problem associated with a faulty battery. Every time you turn on the laptop, the laptop is diagnosed, and the system records all faults in permanent memory.

There is no point in restoring the battery. Because repairs will cost more than buying a new one. By the way, now the choice of batteries is quite wide. You can choose a suitable battery for each model. New and used batteries and other spare parts can be purchased or ordered here.

Signs of a bad battery:

Windows shows a lot of wear;
does not see the battery;
When you pull out the power plug, the laptop turns off, the laptop does not turn on with the battery.

Malfunctioning laptop screen and cable

The laptop screen consists of a matrix and (in laptops with lamp backlighting) an inverter. If the matrix is broken, then it definitely needs to be replaced. Before replacing the laptop matrix, you need to make sure that it is the fault. To do this you need to carry out diagnostics. Most likely, the absence or defect of the image is associated with the video card, video cable, connector, or memory. Read more about replacing a laptop matrix here.

Inverter Failure Symptom

The picture is barely visible in reflected light. The display itself functions, but there is no backlight.

Signs of matrix malfunction

If there is no external damage and there are signs of loading:

no image;
the image is “streaked” (if vertical or horizontal stripes are visible on the screen);
The image is distorted, but on the external monitor the image is normal.

Signs of a bad video cable

Image disappearance, white screen, dirty gray, image shaking, stripes on a dirty gray background.

Recycling of computer equipment

→ → Update: June 26, 2021 The components of any computer device contain a certain, albeit small, amount of precious metals. When purchasing computer equipment, each organization is obliged to take into account the precious metals it contains in accordance with the law.

If such “gold-containing” equipment fails, it cannot simply be thrown away. through specialized organizations is mandatory for everyone.

For the correct operation of modern software, increasingly powerful and fast computers are required. Unfortunately, there comes a time when upgrading equipment to meet the ever-increasing needs of programs is no longer possible. In this case, the reason for writing off the computer will be its obsolescence.

But the obsolescence of a computer must be confirmed by facts.

Among them may be the following:

For the purchased program to work correctly, a certain version of the operating system is required, which cannot be installed on a computer with outdated parameters, etc.
with a database processing rate of 1 hour, the computer “copes” with it in 3 (4, 5...) hours;

In addition, the reasons for the impossibility of modernization must be stated.

Laptop cooling system malfunctions

The correct operation of the laptop cooling system plays an important role. If it breaks down, you cannot use the laptop due to the high risk of failure of the motherboard, video card and other devices. The malfunction is usually caused by a broken fan, a clogged radiator with dust, or a depressurized heat pipe. There are no problems due to the hardening of thermal paste, because it does not lose thermal conductivity over time. The fan bearing is the shortest-lived device in the cooling system. It is often not possible to lubricate the fan bearing to extend its service life, because in most cases it cannot be disassembled. But replacing a laptop fan is inexpensive. By the way, they are sold for many models. Sometimes they are sold complete with a tube and radiator.

If the cooling radiator holes are clogged with dust, then cleaning is urgently needed. Read how and when to clean your laptop here. But after cleaning, be sure to check the temperature conditions of the processor and video card.

Signs of a malfunctioning fan and dusty radiator:

CPU temperature is higher than normal;
weak air pressure from the radiator;
the fan operates at high speed.

Signs of a malfunctioning heat pipe: a sharp increase in processor temperature with cold air from the cooling radiator.

Reasons for writing off computer and office equipment: examples

The procedure for writing off computer equipment and office equipment, which includes computer equipment, is required for all business entities, including budgetary institutions. It ends with the transfer of equipment removed from the balance sheet for recycling.

In most cases, office equipment and other equipment cannot be simply thrown away. The fact is that the spare parts that make up computers have been decomposing for more than a decade: they consist of microcircuits containing precious metals. For violation of the rules of write-off and disposal, a fine of up to 30 thousand rubles is imposed.

On the other hand, unjustified write-off of fixed assets also leads to financial losses.

For what reasons is equipment written off?

Business entities - individuals or legal entities - cannot independently dispose of unsuitable computers in a landfill. The fact is that regular businesses don't process computer hardware.

To do this, you need to obtain the appropriate license and meet the requirements of the licensee. Therefore, the supply of computer equipment for processing is mandatory and regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

There are the following reasons for writing off computer hardware and equipment:

Sale;
Transfer to another organization;
Donation;
Theft or misrepresentation, fraud;
Force majeure (military operations or natural disasters);
Deterioration of physical condition or aging of equipment.

When selling fixed assets, the company pays tax on the income received. A transfer to another organization may raise doubts among the tax service about the true intentions.

There is a high probability that the transaction will be declared illegal as an intention to evade taxes. In this case, additional payments will be added to the budget, fines and penalties will be imposed.

The enterprise will have to prove the truth of its intentions in pre-trial or judicial proceedings.

If computer equipment is lost during theft or fraud, write-off will require a law enforcement act. The document is attached to the commission’s act on the write-off of fixed assets and provides grounds for further withdrawal from the balance sheet.

In case of force majeure, the grounds for writing off computer equipment and equipment are:

Certificates from local authorities;
Documents from the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
Results of internal investigations;
Other official acts that confirm the complete or partial destruction of fixed assets, their loss.

In the act, the commission indicates the reasons for writing off the equipment, referring to the above documents. The cause-and-effect relationship between a natural disaster or hostilities, on the one hand, and loss or damage to property, on the other hand, must be objectively visible.

For example, if only a neighboring area or block was damaged by a flood or earthquake, the company will not be able to rely on this fact to write off equipment. If controversial issues arise, an expert opinion from relevant specialists is drawn up. Based on its findings, a corresponding technical condition report is drawn up.

Equipment malfunctions for write-off

But equipment can fail or not meet the requirements of production processes without any theft, war or natural disaster. In this regard, the following breakdowns of equipment for write-off are noted:

Failure of the main components of the system unit, its physical deformation, which caused internal elements to break, electrolyte getting onto the boards due to depressurization of the BIOS battery;
Fatal breakdowns of auxiliary equipment that make replacement impossible and impractical;
Obsolescence – modern software required in the production process is not installed or does not work efficiently.

In the latter case, the equipment works slowly and often freezes. Its use leads to data loss and ineffective staff work.

A special case is a breakdown of the voltage stabilizer. It is easy to replace and repairs are inexpensive. But due to this malfunction, microcircuits and other components may burn out.

All these defects in equipment for write-off must be displayed in the equipment technical condition report after inspection by a specialist.

The easiest way to obtain documentation of the misuse and disposal of your computer is to contact the company involved in this type of activity. They have a complete set of documents for such work.

The list of their activities includes working with precious, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, substances containing toxins.

Below is a list of the best companies in major cities:

In 80% of cases, computer equipment contains precious metals. In addition, its components contain substances hazardous to the environment.

Therefore, disposal must be carried out by specialized organizations that have the appropriate license. Documents remain at the enterprise confirming the malfunction of the equipment, its write-off and transfer for disposal within the framework of the procedures provided for by law.

Examples of malfunctions of various equipment

The list of typical reasons for writing off computer equipment for this article was provided by Profit LLC.

Profit LLC has been operating in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region since 2005. The cost of work to assess the technical condition of fixed assets with the issuance of a write-off act starts from 250 rubles. for one piece of equipment .

Work with Customers under decommissioning and disposal agreements is carried out by the head of the technical department, Shorin Roman Viktorovich - tel. +7 (921) 352-88-88, E-mail

Source: https://vyvoz.org/blog/prichiny-spisanija-kompjuternoj-tehniki-primery/

Laptop software problems

Many laptop problems are caused by software.

System and application malfunctions in the laptop

The leading software errors include file system errors, incorrect drivers, and corrupted files. Software errors are easy to diagnose and fix. For example, run mini-Windows from another media. You can determine that the errors are software in nature if you install another disk with new Windows in your laptop. Windows errors are mostly cured by reinstalling it. Because looking for the cause can be very difficult.

Questions: Laptop hardware problems

They ask. The laptop does not turn on the first time. Sometimes you need to press 5-10 times to turn it on. We answer. Subsequently it will turn on less and less often. Because the motherboard is faulty. Only replacement or repair will help.

They ask. How to reset the hard drive password on a Toshiba laptop? We answer. You can't just reset it. Because this technology is specifically designed to protect data. If the hard drive is password protected, the password is stored in its controller. The laptop BIOS only transmits the password to the HDD for one-time startup. But you can replace the HDD with a new one.

They ask. Do I need to remove the battery from a laptop if it is constantly connected to the network? We answer. If the laptop battery is in good condition, the controller itself regulates the battery charging, preventing it from overcharging. You also don’t have to remove the charger. If the controller inside the battery is faulty, the batteries may be overcharged. As well as failure of batteries, up to explosion. This is the most dangerous battery failure. Touch a fully charged battery. If it is hot, then it must be removed from the laptop when connected to the network.

Question. The laptop battery takes a very long time to charge. The laptop shows 3% charging within half an hour. Answer. This is a sign that the battery is very worn and needs to be replaced. If the battery discharges very quickly when charging is turned off under load, then its service life is ending.

Question. The battery takes a very long time to charge and is not fully charged. Answer. Most likely the battery is faulty, check its wear.

Question. The laptop does not boot when a USB flash drive is inserted. Answer. This happens more often with computers, probably a malfunction of the USB controller. Usually nothing helps. To get around the problem, you will have to insert the USB flash drive after Windows boots.

Accounting for the write-off of a system unit that has become unusable. Recycling of computer equipment

This article will consider the option when the system unit is taken into account as part of a single OS complex, i.e. inventory object - a computer with all its components. How to take into account the write-off of an old, broken system unit if there is a residual value? Does it need to be disposed of?

Lebedeva M.A.
In accordance with Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 27, 2005 N 03-03-01-04/4/67 “Replacing any part in a computer can lead to a change in the operating characteristics of the computer. When distinguishing between modernization and repair of a computer, the decisive factor is not how its operational characteristics have changed, but the fact that the operability of the inventory object remains intact, without changing the performance of its functions as a whole. ...the costs of replacing failed elements of computer equipment are included in the costs of repairing fixed assets, taken into account in the manner established by Art. 260 of the Code."

Based on the norms of paragraph 2 of Art. 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and the conclusions from the above Letter, it is impossible to recognize the replacement of a system unit due to a breakdown by upgrading a computer and increasing its initial cost, since the initial cost of fixed assets changes in cases of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction, modernization, technical re-equipment, partial liquidation of relevant facilities and other reasons on similar grounds. Work on completion, additional equipment, and modernization includes work caused by a change in the technological or service purpose of equipment, a building, structure or other object of depreciable fixed assets, increased loads and (or) other new qualities.

Thus, a replacement due to the breakdown of computer parts must be recognized as a repair (Articles 260, 324 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) , and the organization must correctly draw up the documents (for example, a defect report).

If the new system unit being replaced is received as a part for repair, then there is no need to determine the useful life. The system unit is installed while retaining the previously assigned inventory number and is transferred to the financially responsible person to whom the computer is assigned.

When reflecting repairs, the original cost of the computer does not change. In accounting and tax accounting, you can reflect a 100% one-time write-off of a new system unit.

In tax accounting, repair costs are recognized in accordance with Art. Art. 260, 324 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, regardless of its cost, despite the fact that the cost of the replaced part exceeds 10,000 rubles.

Next, you need to register the system unit at the warehouse at its residual value for possible use in the future as a component unit.

In our opinion, when returning the old (replaced) system unit to the warehouse, you can be guided by clause 112 of the Methodological guidelines for accounting of inventories, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2001 No. 119n, which establishes the following. The return of unused materials by the organization's divisions to the warehouse is formalized with invoices or limit-collection cards. Materials delivered to the warehouse are accounted for and are simultaneously written off from the reporting unit of the organization. If these materials were written off for production, their cost is charged to reduce the corresponding costs.

In tax accounting, when removing and capitalizing the old system unit, income arises as provided for in clause 13 of Art. 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in the amount of the market value of the removed monitor, and the expense provided for in sub. 8 clause 1 art. 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, in the amount not accrued in accordance with the established useful life of depreciation. The cost of the old system unit in tax accounting is determined as the amount of income tax calculated on the income provided for in clause 13 of Art. 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (paragraph 2, clause 2, article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

In the future, if the old system unit is used to create another computer complex or replaces another system unit that has failed, in tax accounting its value will be determined in the manner established by the second paragraph of clause 2 of Art. 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (as the amount of income tax calculated from non-operating income reflected when capitalizing the system unit at market value).

Accordingly, there will be a difference between the estimates of the fixed asset amount in accounting and tax accounting, which should be taken into account in accordance with the provisions of PBU 18/02. The same applies to accrued depreciation.

The company can recycle computer equipment containing precious metals, either independently or with the help of a specialized organization.

In some cases, it is impossible to independently remove precious metals from decommissioned computer equipment. This is due to the fact that in addition to precious metals, computer equipment often contains substances harmful to human life and health (for example, mercury, lead, etc.), Law No. 89-FZ of June 24, 1998 “On production and consumption waste.”

Territorial state Assay Supervision Inspections of the Russian State Assay Chamber exercise control over compliance with the procedure for accounting for precious metals (clause 1.1 of the Instructions for the implementation of Assay Supervision, approved by Order of Roskomdragmet dated June 23, 1995 N 182). First of all, inspection staff check those enterprises that are registered with them, that is, organizations involved in the sale of jewelry, as well as the extraction and processing of precious metals and precious stones. The rest of the organizations are checked on the basis of messages from “well-wishers” - vigilant citizens, offended employees or companies directly involved in the disposal of computers.

Another regulatory body is the environmental police, which controls the disposal of computer equipment. Environmental police officers regularly conduct scheduled and unscheduled inspections. As a rule, organizations that use a large amount of computer equipment fall under scheduled inspections. At the same time, companies that cannot provide contracts confirming the disposal of equipment are fined. Unscheduled inspections are carried out based on reports from the same “well-wishers.”

The author is the head of the general audit and consulting department