A qualified electronic signature is a set of permanent and variable details (private and public keys, information about the owner, etc.), acting as a unique identifier of its holder. With its help, document flow participants can confirm the authorship of a file, as well as record the state of the data in it.
The mechanics of the process is to encrypt the source according to the selected algorithm using the specified keys. Both elements are generated at the time of signing, and the public key is transferred to the recipient, while the private key remains with the sender.
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Each combination of a key and an information packet forms a unique sequence of data - in fact, the signature itself. In this case, the identifier is embedded in the document and associated directly with it.
During the verification process, the data is recalculated and compared with the value that the second participant in the process has. By matching the final result when using the same public key, the authenticity of the file is determined. Keys are created automatically by certified encryption programs. Files certified by a qualified identifier are equivalent to a paper medium with a handwritten autograph of the taxpayer. Such documents have full legal force.
Below we will look at the differences between enhanced identifiers and consider how to obtain an enhanced qualified electronic signature.
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How and where can you get an enhanced qualified electronic signature?
In order to figure out where to go to obtain a signature, let’s find out what it is - an enhanced qualified electronic signature. In accordance with paragraph 4 of Art. 5 of the Law dated 04/06/2011 No. 63-FZ, the main difference between an enhanced qualified electronic signature (hereinafter referred to as UKEP) and an unqualified one is that the first has additional features that indicate its greater security:
- a qualified signature has a verification key, which is indicated in the qualified certificate (it is issued by a certification center accredited by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications);
- To verify its authenticity, electronic signature means that have received confirmation of compliance with federal requirements are used.
In addition, the UKEP is created when using electronic signature tools by cryptographically changing information using the above key.
IMPORTANT! From July 2021, you can issue a single certificate that is suitable for working with different portals. Participants in electronic interaction do not have the right to arbitrarily limit the recognition of UKEP on their sites. Restrictions will be established only if provided for by the Electronic Signature Law.
Having understood what is meant by this concept, let’s find out how to obtain a qualified electronic signature. To obtain a UKEP, you must contact one of the certification centers accredited by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. The list of these centers is available on the website of the Ministry of Communications of Russia https://minsvyaz.ru/ru/activity/govservices/2/.
Under what conditions is a qualified electronic signature recognized as valid, ConsultantPlus experts explained. If you do not have access to the K+ system, get a trial online access for free.
Without which it is impossible to obtain a qualified electronic signature for legal entities
Any legal entity or individual can receive an enhanced electronic signature. Here is the required set of documents that must be submitted to organizations to obtain a signature. Without this package, a qualified digital signature will remain unavailable. The kit includes:
- Application for signature.
- A document that can be used to confirm that the person applying for a signature has the appropriate managerial authority.
- A copy of the identity card of the person who will hold the certificate (or his representative). As a rule, only the passport is accepted in this capacity and copies are taken from several of the most informative pages.
- Copy of TIN.
- Company registration card, which reflects the contact information of the organization itself, its management, membership in a certain tax regime, bank and other details (all codes).
- A power of attorney for the person who will hold the certificate, if this is not the head of the company.
- Power of attorney for a person acting as a representative of the certificate owner.
- SNILS of a person who owns a qualified digital signature certificate.
After submitting documents and a short check, an agreement is concluded with the organization. The service for creating UKEP is paid.
ConsultantPlus experts explained step by step how a legal entity can obtain UKEP. If you don't already have access to the system, get a free trial online.
How to register a CEP
To register a CEP, you must follow the following algorithm:
- Contacting a certification center.
- Obtaining information and papers necessary for signing.
- Payment of the invoice.
- Providing original documents.
- Receiving a USB drive with an installed key, certificate and signature program (not always).
To register, you will need to provide a passport and SNILS. For legal entities, you will also need an INN, constituent documents and an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The application review period is 1-3 business days.
What is included in a qualified electronic signature and what does it look like?
The registered improved enhanced qualified digital signature looks in reality as a set of two elements:
- Verification certificate for the digital signature key (on hard copy).
- A licensed software distribution that can be used for a limited period of validity of the key.
It is almost impossible to detect an electronic signature on paper and electronic documents. There are only indirect signs of its presence, expressed in the fact that a special symbol appears at the bottom of the monitor, and the document itself cannot be edited.
Is it possible to use one UKEP to work in different systems?
Based on the provisions of 61-FZ “On the Circulation of Medicines” with the latest amendments, all pharmaceutical market entities will be required to switch to mandatory labeling. Registration of an enhanced qualified signature allows production associations and pharmacy chains to solve several problems at once - enter drug accounting data into the system, send reporting documentation to the fiscal authorities and draw up agreements with counterparties. It turns out that UKEP can be used to work in IS Marking, and to interact with the fiscal service, and to participate in tenders.
Pharmaceutical company executives need to understand that the more universal an electronic signature is, the higher its cost will be. When ordering an electronic key, you must specify the purpose. Most often, entrepreneurs order UKEP for several tasks at once, so that in the future they do not have to issue additional electronic signatures.
What does an advanced digital signature assure and which person can be identified?
Having answered the question: what is this enhanced electronic signature, you can understand that, first of all, it is the possibility of digital identification of a signature with additional protection against unauthorized use.
What is the peculiarity of using UKEP? Let's try to figure it out - because today its use is extremely widespread. This is explained primarily by the fact that since 2015, in accordance with changes made to tax legislation, almost all reporting is submitted in electronic form via TCS through an operator.
In addition to declarations, with the help of UKEP, reports submitted to the Pension Fund and extra-budgetary funds are also signed.
ATTENTION! A new form will be submitted to the Pension Fund of Russia in 2021 - SZV-TD. If there are 25 or more employees, the report will be accepted only in electronic format, certified with an enhanced digital signature. Read more about the report here.
An enhanced electronic signature allows you to determine or identify the person who signed the electronic document, as well as to report the fact that changes have been made to the already signed text of this document.
Now let’s find out where else UKEP must be used:
- A number of financial institutions are required to submit reports both on their activities and on their personnel according to the TCS, if an enhanced electronic signature is used - this is stated in the orders of the Central Bank. We are talking about pawnshops, microfinance institutions, consumer lending cooperatives. Also, at the request of the Central Bank, reporting signed by UKEP must be provided by clearing and insurance companies, cooperatives operating in the field of agricultural consumer lending.
- Some documents, including the inspection report, the decision to establish interim measures, the appointment of an examination and the request for explanations, are sent to the taxpayer in electronic form. Documents are signed by the tax authorities using an enhanced electronic signature (order of the Federal Tax Service dated April 15, 2015 No. ММВ-7-2/ [email protected] ).
- The need to sign electronic invoices (including adjustment ones) of the UKEP is expressly stipulated in clause 6 of Art. 169 of the Tax Code. It is possible for a taxpayer to individually apply to the Federal Tax Service with a request regarding the TKS, and the application itself must be signed by the UKEP (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated December 26, 2013 No. 138n).
You can learn about the features of signing invoices from our article “Can I use facsimiles on invoices?”
The transmission of mandatory messages (clause 2, clause 2.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) by legal entities and individuals can be carried out via electronic communication channels using UKEP (clause 7 of Article 23 of the Tax Code).
- When applying electronically for the provision of a number of state and municipal services, applicants must sign their applications with UKEP. In particular, this applies to requests for licensing and other equally important government services (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2012 No. 852).
- In case of employment for remote work, the employee will have to communicate with the employer using TCS, and all transferred documents must have an electronic signature (Article 312.1 of the Labor Code).
- Electronic documents prepared by a notary are certified by his UKEP. Information on performed notarial actions is then transmitted to the unified notary information system (Article 11 of Law No. 4462-1 of February 11, 1993).
Enhanced electronic signature and document workflow automation
A strengthened digital signature allows you to ensure adequate protection of information included in electronic document flow. In conditions of automation of this process, such a signature placed on documents will not allow unauthorized persons to read the protected text, and if they somehow gain access to it, they will not allow it to be edited.
In this case, the owner of the signature sets the degree of confidentiality himself, depending on the importance and secrecy of the information. It is noteworthy that even after the key expires, the data will still be protected until the certificate owner decides to re-sign the document or remove the protection.
Digital signature verification - what components are required
In some cases, the user will want to verify whether the enhanced qualified digital signature is functioning
To check it you will need to have the following components available:
- The corresponding computer program, which is installed from the drive to the digital signature. For example, CryptoPro can act in this capacity.
- The drive itself (flash drive or disk) must be inserted into the receiving device during the test.
- Installed personal certificate.
- Installed libraries for electronic signature.
In order to perform the verification, you should go to the digital signature register and click the appropriate button. Please note that Internet Explorer version 5 must be installed on the user's computer at this time. Only then will you be able to work with ActiveX objects.
Why do you need an EDS?
Obtaining an electronic signature actively facilitates citizen interaction with various government bodies, government and commercial organizations without leaving home. EP allows:
- receive government services through your home computer;
- pay fines;
- submit declarations to tax authorities;
- get on the waiting list for kindergarten;
- send documents for admission to any university in the country;
- sign employment documents while freelancing.
- entrepreneurs can receive various certificates for inventions, as well as participate in auctions.
Rules for using UKEP
To ensure the safety of transmitted data signed by UKEP, you should use the signature only in those cases specified in the certificate provided with it. If the certificate has been canceled or its validity period has expired, the UKEP cannot be used.
It is also mandatory to ensure the confidentiality of the key. If this could not be achieved, then if the key is lost or access to it is made available to unauthorized persons, the certification company and all participants in the electronic document flow should be immediately notified of this fact.
Find out how an individual can submit documents for registration of real estate rights in electronic form in ConsultantPlus. The material is available for free, you just need to get a trial access.
Results
A strengthened qualified electronic signature may be needed in a number of cases. It has greater information security in contrast to a simple electronic signature. You can obtain the UKEP from an accredited certification center.
Sources:
- Tax Code of the Russian Federation
- Law “On Electronic Signature” dated 04/06/2011 N 63-FZ
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Is it possible to delegate rights in the Marking IP system?
At the moment, during the pilot project, UKEP is issued only to the director of a pharmaceutical company or medical organization. However, if necessary, management can add additional keys registered to other specialists in the legal department in your personal account. This will allow them to carry out the necessary operations without hindrance. If a legal entity forms a holding and consists of several organizations, then it is better to create a personal account with an electronic signature for each manager.
