What transactions reflect the accrual of CIT, emission fees and transport tax?

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In the life of enterprises, something happens every day: purchasing materials, selling goods, organizing advertising or paying taxes. Accounting requires recording every transaction and doing it correctly - using entries, otherwise the tax office will impose fines. In this article we will tell you what accounting entries are, how to prepare them and show you the most popular options.

What is an accounting entry

An accounting entry is a way of recording information about a company's activities in the accounting accounts. Each transaction involves two accounts and one amount.

Accounting accounts are fixed in the Chart of Accounts - it contains 99 balance sheet and 11 off-balance sheet accounts. This plan is required for all commercial organizations, but each of them has its own working chart of accounts that it applies. It is not necessary to include all the accounts listed in the Order of the Ministry of Finance; you can choose those that you yourself will use.

Accounting accounts are linked to each other by debit and credit, each transaction is accounted for by the debit of one account and the credit of another. This is called the double entry principle.

How to prepare accounting entries

To draw up accounting entries that will correctly reflect events occurring in the organization, you need to follow the rules:

1. Chronological order . Postings must be made clearly in the sequence of their execution.
2. Systematization . All similar transactions must be reflected in the same accounts.
3. Documentary validity . Accounting entries can only be made on the basis of primary documents.
4. Monetary expression . Postings are made only in monetary terms.

Beginner accountants often get confused about postings. But they are quite simple to compose if you understand the meaning of the operation. We'll tell you how to do it.

Step 1 . Determine which accounts you are using for the transaction. To do this, refer to the working chart of accounts. Selecting the right account is not difficult - their names clearly explain what transactions they are intended to account for. For example, account 60 “Settlements with suppliers” or account 10 “Materials”.

Step 2 . Organize accounts into debits and credits. To do this, you need to clearly remember that all accounts are divided into active, passive and active-passive. Active accounts increase by debit, and passive accounts by credit. Active-passive accounts are the most complex - they grow by debit or credit, depending on the transaction being reflected.

Step 3 . Make entries using the double entry principle.

Now let's look at this process using an example

Example: Rozetka LLC purchased a set of wires worth 42,000 rubles. How to make a wiring?

Let's analyze the operation: we received materials from the supplier, which means there are more of them in the warehouse, and we now have to pay the supplier money for the purchase.

Step 1 . Wires are the materials that we need to complete the work, which means we take them into account under account 10 “Materials”. All transactions with suppliers are accounted for in account 60 “Settlements with suppliers”.

For posting we need accounts 10 and 60.

Step 2 . Materials are our assets, which means the receipt of materials increases the number of our assets. Account 10 is active, so it increases by debit.

Debt to the supplier forms accounts payable. Its appearance means that the liability has increased. Account 60 is active-passive, but in this case it will increase in credit.

Step 3 . We will make entries using the double entry principle

Types of accounting entries

All wiring can be divided into several types:

1. Changes in the property of the enterprise. This group includes only active and active-passive accounts. It assumes that the company's property is redistributed, but the balance does not change.

For example: Rozetka LLC transferred money from the cash register to a bank account to pay the supplier. This operation will be reflected by the posting: Dt 51 Kt 50, that is, we have less money in the cash register by 42,000, we put it in the current account.

2. Changes in the obligations of the enterprise. This group includes only passive and active-passive accounts. It assumes that the company's liabilities are redistributed without changing the balance sheet.

For example: Rozetka LLC agreed to reclassify the debt into a short-term loan. This operation will be reflected by the posting: Dt 60 Kt 66, that is, the debt to the creditor in the amount of 42,000 rubles turned into short-term liabilities for the same amount.

3. The liabilities and assets of the enterprise change - the balance increases. This group includes all types of accounts: for debit - active and active-passive, and for credit - passive and active-passive. In this case, both the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet increase.

For example: Rozetka LLC bought wires from a supplier for 42,000 rubles. Just in this case, our obligations to the supplier increased by 42,000 rubles and the cost of materials increased by 42,000 rubles.

4. The liabilities and property of the enterprise change - the balance decreases. This group includes passive and active-passive accounts for credit, and for debit - active and active-passive. In this case, the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet decrease.

For example: Rozetka LLC repaid the debt to the supplier from the current account. This operation will be reflected by the posting: Dt 60 Kt 51. In this case, we have less money in the current account and the debt to the supplier has disappeared.

In addition, all wiring can be divided into simple and complex. Simple transactions include only 2 accounts, but complex ones may have more. Moreover, each complex transaction can be reflected in several simple ones. This happens when we record receipts from two or more other accounts into one common account.

For example: Rozetka LLC bought from the supplier not only wires for 42,000 rubles, but also special equipment for 128,000 rubles. Complex wiring would look like this:

Dt 10 “Materials” - 42,000 rubles

Dt 07 “Equipment for installation” - 128,000 rubles

Kt 60 “Settlements with suppliers” - 170,000 rubles.

This complex wiring can be written in two simple ones:

Dt 10 Kt 60 - 42,000 rubles

Dt 07 Kt 60 - 128,000 rubles.

Complex entries, contrary to their name, make accounting easier because they reduce the number of entries. This saves a lot of time.

Taxes are transferred to the budget transaction

January 7th, 2013 admin

How to take taxes into account in accounting? For this, account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” is used. This is a passive account designed to summarize information about the company’s settlements with government budgets of all levels. By law, all organizations are required to calculate, declare and remit taxes independently.

Synthetic tax accounting is maintained in account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees.” Analytical accounting is carried out by types of taxes.

Tax accrual is reflected in the credit of account 68 and corresponds with the accounts according to the following classification, taking into account the method of covering accrued taxes:

1. The amount of tax is included in the cost of products, works, goods, services;

2. The tax amount is included in the total revenue;

3. The tax amount is included in the financial results of the company for the reporting period;

4. The tax amount is calculated from the net profit of the organization.

Payment of tax is reflected in the debit of account 68 and corresponds with the company's cash accounts.

Typical entries for the debit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” (payment of taxes, payment of tax debts).

D-t 68 K-t 19 Input VAT on purchased goods is credited D-t 68 K-t 50 Payment of taxes and fees to the budget from the company's cash desk D-t 68 K-t 51 Amounts of taxes and fees are transferred from the organization's current account

Dt 68 Kt 66 Repayment of debt to the budget by accruing a loan

Typical entries for the credit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” (tax accrual).

D-t 20 K-t 68 Accrual of tax at the expense of the cost of production D-t 41 K-t 68 Non-refundable tax associated with the purchase of goods and included in their cost has been accrued D-t 51 K-t 68 Refund of overpaid tax to the budget Dt 70 Kt 68 Personal income tax withheld from the wages of company employees

Dt 75 Kt 68 Tax on income of company founders withheld

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Account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - subaccounts, postings

Accounting for calculations of taxes and fees is carried out on account 68, which reflects the accrual of taxes and their payment to the budget. In accordance with the applicable tax regime, an organization can open the necessary sub-accounts on account 68 according to the types of taxes paid.

Subaccounts of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”

In particular, for the calculation and payment of personal income tax (abbreviated as personal income tax or income tax, as people like to call it), a subaccount 68.1 is opened.

Accrual, payment, deductions, restoration and other transactions with value added tax (VAT) are reflected in subaccount 68.2.

If an organization pays excise taxes, then a subaccount 68.3 is opened to account for them.

Organizations on the general taxation system that pay income tax open a subaccount 68.4 to record it.

If an organization owns vehicles on which transport tax is paid, then subaccount 68.7 is used.

To account for tax paid on the property of organizations, subaccount 68.8 is used.

If an organization is a payer of the single tax on imputed income (UTI) for certain types of activities, then a subaccount 68.11 is opened to reflect calculations for UTII.

And single tax payers under the simplified taxation system open a subaccount 68.12.

If an organization pays any other types of taxes: water, mineral extraction, etc., then it can open additional sub-accounts on account 68.

Typical tax transactions on OSNO

The essence of business, as a rule, is to sell something and make a profit. This entire cycle consists of events that must be reflected in accounting. Let's look at typical postings that organizations use.

Fixed assets and intangible assets

For normal activities, each organization must have fixed assets - equipment for the production of goods, performance of work and provision of services, this also includes buildings. Postings for intangible assets are almost similar to fixed assets, only they are accounted for on account 04.

Inventories

We've already figured out how to reflect the purchase of materials, but they won't stay in the warehouse forever. To use wires, you need to write them off for production.

Production costs

The costs of producing goods, performing work and providing services also need to be taken into account. This includes materials sent to production, depreciation, and workers' wages. In this case, general production and general business expenses must be written off to the main production. And the company can also identify a defect.

Finished products and goods

To make money, you need to sell something. Organizations on OSNO pay VAT on sales.

Cash

Organizations constantly carry out settlements with suppliers, customers, creditors, founders, employees and others. Let's highlight the main wiring:

Financial results

Financial result is the result of the company’s work for the period - profit or loss. It also needs to be reflected in accounting.

The most difficult thing is to maintain accounting for organizations under the general tax regime. In addition to all the standard postings, they have to prepare many transactions for paying taxes. Let's look at the tax entries that are most often used by organizations on OSNO.

VAT payment

VAT is calculated and paid every quarter. VAT is charged on sales and non-operating income, and it can also be restored.

Payment of income tax

Income tax is calculated quarterly and is formed on an accrual basis. All profit of the organization is accumulated in account 99.

Taxes paid to the budget posting

The above regulatory document describes the objects of taxation, methods and methods of calculation, regulates the frequency and timing of payments to the accounts of the budgets of the Treasury of the Russian Federation and the region of registration of the enterprise:

All relationships regarding the payment of taxes to state budgets of different levels are reflected in accounting on a specific account.

In the accounting chart of accounts, to display the movement of funds for the payment of all taxes, a 68 account “Calculations for taxes and fees” was created, in which a subaccount of the same name “Income Tax” is created for income tax transactions.

For a more detailed reflection of the movement of funds in analytical accounting, this subaccount can be divided into subordinate subaccounts for each recipient of the tax payment (federal, local or municipal tax authorities).

Methods of paying income tax

Profit tax can be calculated and paid in two ways:

1. Four times a year, quarterly advance payments. In this case, this tax is calculated on an accrual basis. The actual difference between accruals for the current and previous periods is paid quarterly.
2. Monthly, based on the actual amount of profit received by the company.

The choice of one of the two options for payment schedules is arbitrary and is determined based on the accounting policies of the organization.

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Posting income tax accrual

The income tax transaction is accrued: the debit amount is reflected in account 99 “Profits and losses”, account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” is credited with the same amount.

The advance payment for this transaction is calculated by multiplying the amount of profit received for the period by the current tax rate according to the law.

In the event that an enterprise incurred losses from business activities during the reporting period, a reverse entry is made (reversal), and the amount is calculated by multiplying the rate by the amount of losses.

Posting the transfer of income tax to the budget

When the tax amount is actually transferred to the treasury accounts, funds are debited from the enterprise’s current account under credit 51 of the “Settlement accounts” account and account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” is debited:

If a loss is received additionally for any period, a third entry adds a corrective reversal:

Source: https://migrant-plus.ru/oplacheny-nalogi-v-byudzhet-provodka/