Simplified tax system “income minus expenses” - how to keep records correctly

Features of the financial result according to UTII

According to Art. 346.30 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the tax period for UTII is a quarter, and therefore the imputed tax must be calculated and paid quarterly.

Unlike many other taxes, UTII transactions do not affect the cost of products and goods. That is, neither the 20th account “Main production” nor the 44th account “Sales expenses” is involved in the imputation. This is stated in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 18, 2004 No. 07-05-14/215, which states that the final financial result on the balance sheet is taken into account without taking into account income tax and other similar payments, such as UTII.

Training and retraining of full-time employees

Expenses under the simplified tax system in 2021 include expenses for training and advanced training of employee personnel. However, they must meet certain criteria, which are described in subparagraph 33 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code:

• The employee sent for training is on the taxpayer’s staff (Appeal of the Ministry of Finance dated August 9, 2013 No. 03-11-11/167);
• Availability of a license from the institution where the training will take place;
• Availability of a concluded agreement between the taxpayer and the educational institution. It is worth considering that a paid contract issued for an employee will not be taken into account in the simplified tax system for taxes minus expenses (letter of the Ministry of Finance dated January 19, 2021 No. 03-03-06/1/2614)

In addition, the costs of employee training must be justified economically. Therefore, the employee who has completed the training is required to demonstrate the acquired skills in his or her job. For example, a company pays for a course in a foreign school. The tax office may request an explanation for what purposes employees are taught this knowledge. The employer will be able to explain that the acquired skills, for example, will be useful in preparing and concluding contracts with foreign companies, which means the costs will be justified. However, if the courses were purchased to improve the company’s image, then the costs will not be justified.

Accountant's Directory

The voluntary tax collection system of the simplified tax system is very easy to use in an enterprise. The taxpayer is exempt from several taxes: profit, property, personal income tax (if there are no employees) and VAT.

Instead, a single tax is levied, which most often represents a 6 percent (sometimes the rate is 5–15%) deduction from the net profit of a business entity.

Tax calculation according to the simplified tax system is carried out using special postings manually or using the 1C program.

Businesses are generally required to maintain accounting and tax records. When using the simplified tax system in activities, the reporting procedure is somewhat simplified. Guided by specific regulations, individual entrepreneurs and simplified organizations may not keep accounting records at all. Law No. 129-FZ of 1996 speaks about this.

However, commercial units are not exempt from preparing primary documentation. In practice, this means that it is mandatory to keep records of intangible assets and fixed assets.

Accounting is necessary solely to determine the possibility of applying the simplified tax system. That is, the right to use this regime is lost as soon as the amount of fixed assets and assets exceeds a total of 100 million rubles.

Depending on the chosen tax payment scheme by the base, the following may happen:

• profit - income;
• profit – income minus expenses.

When taxing income, profit is considered to be:

• revenue from the sale of goods or services;
• non-operating income.

Revenue recognition for tax purposes is carried out on a cash basis in some cases. Receipt of money into the cash register is recorded according to KUDiR. Certain types of profit are not taken into account (Article 251 of the Tax Code).

Not considered profit (for tax purposes):

• contributions to the authorized capital;
• pledge (deposit) in monetary or property form;
• earthly means;
• the value of property received for sale under an intermediary agreement.

When using the “income minus expenses” scheme, it is necessary to take into account material expenses. It is most often done by valuing the purchased item at unit price, average price, or first purchase (FIFO).

Costs in this case:

• salary;
• depreciation of fixed assets;
• material needs;
• social needs and so on.

Tax amounts are calculated by the company's accountant or a third-party organization. Reporting is permitted both electronically and in writing. All business entities, except LLCs, do not keep accounting, but they must fill out an expense/income book, according to which tax is calculated on the simplified tax system in transactions.

In the balance sheet, the tax must be reflected in the following accounts:

• 68 – tax calculations, fees;
• 51 – cash account;
• 99 – loss/profit of the enterprise.

When calculating a single tax under the simplified tax system, two entries are used:

• Credit 51 – Debit 68 (amount of tax paid);
• Credit 68 – Debit 99 (accrued tax).

Any business transaction must be reflected by posting.

Accounting for different types of taxes in account 68 occurs in accordance with subaccounts. The list of such must be specified in the accounting policy. Account 68 itself can be divided into subaccounts:

• 1 – tax based on the results of 12 months;
• 2 – advance payments;
• 3 – Personal income tax and other taxes and fees.

In the 1C program, tax calculation has its own characteristics:

• KUDiR is generated in the “Reports” menu.
• The declaration is filled out in the appropriate “Reports” tab, “Tax reporting” section. In reporting, the tax amount is automatically calculated in accordance with which scheme the enterprise uses on the simplified tax system - “income” or “income minus expenses”.
• Tax calculation must be done manually in the “Operations” menu, section “Operations entered manually”.
• Postings: accrual D 99.01.1, K 68.12.

The 1C program versions 8.2 and 8.3 require that in the “Accounting Policy” paragraph the scheme for calculating taxes according to the simplified tax system for transactions must be indicated. If it is levied on income, 6% is withheld. In the case of calculation according to the “income minus expenses” scheme, the rate can be from 5 to 15%, since its size is set by the regional authorities depending on many factors.

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Sometimes, based on the results of the period, the company is subject to the calculation and payment of the minimum tax of the simplified tax system, which is generally reflected in the accounting entries. In this case, it is necessary to submit an application to the Federal Tax Service requesting that advances be credited to the tax account. To calculate the minimum amount of tax due to the simplified tax system, the following accounting entries are used:

• D 99 K 68 sub. – calculation and accrual;
• D 99 K 68 sub. – reversal of the advance amount.

So, tax or advances are credited to account D99, where both income and losses are indicated. K68 is intended for tax calculations. Profit is indicated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the period. When the period ends, the total profit is reduced by all the income used, and the unused expenses of the enterprise are indicated in the reports.

Penalties - penalties - are also reflected in the postings:

• D 99 K 68 sub. – accrued amounts of penalties;
• D 68 sub. – determination of the amount;
• By 51 – submitting a report on the amounts of penalties paid.

The penalty is not included in the expenses accepted to reduce the organization’s profit under the simplified tax system. Therefore, it is not reflected in KUDiR. The penalty is calculated on the basis of an accounting certificate and is paid according to a payment order.

Postings according to the simplified tax system

The calculation of the tax paid in connection with the use of the simplified taxation system (STS) for the billing period is carried out after the acceptance and processing of all primary documents involved in the formation of income and expenses, the formation of a book of income and expenses under the simplified tax system and the calculation of the tax return under the simplified tax system.

When maintaining records in the 1C Accounting 8 program, income and expenses of business activities are taken into account by all standard documents of the accounting configuration.

The book of income and expenses is generated by a specialized report through the menu “Reports” - “Book of accounting of income and expenses according to the simplified tax system” with mandatory verification of the filling results, because this report is not generated according to the rules of accounting entries, but on the basis of a separate 1C accounting mechanism. Checking the completion of the book of income and expenses is especially important when the accounting policy is to simplify “income minus expenses” before calculating tax.

The tax return under the simplified tax system is filled out as a standard regulated 1C report through the appropriate menu, in which the full calculation according to the simplified tax system is made.

Menu Reports - Regulated reports - Tax reporting section.

The declaration indicates the income received and the expenses accepted and the simplified tax system is calculated in accordance with the rate and accounting policy of the organization: by income or income minus expenses.

The posting of tax accrual according to the simplified tax system is reflected in the program manually using the document “Operations entered manually”, located in the “Operations” menu.

The accrual of the simplified tax system is reflected by posting Debit 99.01.1 (Profits and losses from activities with the main taxation system) Credit 68.12 (Single tax when applying the simplified taxation system).

The procedure for calculating the simplified tax system should be fixed in the accounting policies of the organization.

If the accrual method is used in accounting, then advance payments under the simplified tax system are accrued on the end date of the corresponding period for which it is accrued, i.e. March 31, June 30 and September 30 (clause 5 of PBU 1/2008).

If the cash method is used, the accrual period for advance payments will correspond to the tax payment date.

Payment of the advance tax payment is made quarterly: by the 25th day of the month following the end of the quarter, that is, by April 25, July 25 and October 25. For the year, the tax is paid by organizations until March 31, for an individual entrepreneur - until April 30 of the year following the reporting year.

If an organization or individual entrepreneur is on the simplified tax system with the object of taxation being income, then the amount of tax can be reduced by insurance premiums paid for employees and transferred by individual entrepreneurs for themselves, as well as by the amount of temporary disability benefits, but not more than 50% of the amount of the accrued tax. Individual entrepreneurs without employees can reduce tax by the full amount of insurance premium payments.

If the object of taxation under the simplified tax system is income minus expenses, then paid insurance premiums reduce the tax under the simplified tax system in full, because they are included in expenses at the stage of calculating the taxable base.

Results

Reflection in accounting of accrued tax under the simplified tax system is reflected in synthetic accounts 99 and 68. To maintain analytical accounting for synthetic accounts 68, 99, separate sub-accounts are opened, which must be indicated in the working chart of accounts and approved by the head of the organization (clause 4 of PBU 1/2008 ).
You can find more complete information on the topic in ConsultantPlus. Free trial access to the system for 2 days.

Posting the transaction “UTII Paid”

account 99 - profit and loss account from business activities (except for income tax);

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account 68 - single tax on imputed income.

Reflection on the accrual of UTII should be carried out on the last day of the tax period (quarter).

account 51 (50) - current account of the organization or cash desk.

Tax payment is made until the 25th (inclusive) day of the month after the end of the tax period.

Read more about paying tax in the “Payment of UTII” section.

At the end of the year, the amount accumulated in account 99 “Profits and losses” will be attributed to account 84 “Retained earnings”. Thus, at the end of the reporting period, the following entries may be made for the amount of UTII accrued for the 4th quarter, possible income received or losses incurred:

• Dt 84 - Kt 99 - will reflect the uncovered loss of the reporting year: or
• Kt 99 - Dt 84 - will show net profit based on the results of the past year.

Step-by-step instruction

On April 01, the Organization on the simplified tax system (income-expenses) received from the supplier an act for the provision of services for monthly subscription services for the computer program for the period from 04/01/2021 to 03/31/2022 in the amount of 12,000 rubles. (including VAT 20%).

The services are fully paid to the supplier.

According to the Organization's accounting policy, expenses for continuing services are recognized as these services are consumed based on the cost, total period of provision and the number of days in the current month.

Let's look at step-by-step instructions for creating an example. PDF

Tax calculation of simplified tax system for transactions

To calculate the amount of the advance payment, you need to find the difference between the income and expense parts for the reporting period and multiply it by the tax rate. The amount minus previous advances must be sent to the state budget. The tax rate is most often 15%, but at the discretion of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation it can be reduced (clause 2 of Article 346.20 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Debit 99 Credit 68

Debit 68 Credit 51

Let's look at tax calculation using an example.

1st quarter

Income - 10,000 rubles;

Accepted expenses are 1,000 rubles.

Having made the calculation, the accountant received a value of 1,350 rubles ((10,000 - 1,000) x 15%). It is for this amount that you need to draw up a payment order, indicating in the purpose “advance payment for the simplified tax system for the 1st quarter of 2021.”

Debit 99 Credit 68 1,350 rubles - advance payment accrued for the 1st quarter of 2021;

Debit 68 Credit 51 1,350 rubles - advance payment transferred to the Federal Tax Service.

1st half of the year

Income (January - June) - 60,000 rubles;

Accepted expenses (January - June) - 18,000 rubles.

When calculating, the accountant took into account the payment for the 1st quarter. It turned out that the debt to the Federal Tax Service is 4,950 rubles ((60,000 - 18,000) x 15% - 1,350).

Debit 99 Credit 68 4,950 rubles - advance payment for 6 months is reflected;

Debit 68 Credit 51 4,950 rubles - advance payment transferred to the Federal Tax Service.

9 months

Income (January - September) - 100,000 rubles;

Accepted expenses (January - September) - 53,000 rubles.

Debit 99 Credit 68,750 rubles - advance payment accrued for 9 months of 2021;

Debit 68 Credit 51,750 rubles - advance payment sent to the Federal Tax Service account.

Income (January - December) - 120,000 rubles;

Accepted expenses (January - December) - 75,000 rubles.

The tax for the year without deducting advance payments is 6,750 rubles ((120,000 - 75,000) x 15%).

For the entire 2021, advance payments in the amount of 7,050 rubles (1,350 4,950,750) were sent to the tax inspectorate account. As you can see, this amount is more than the final tax for the year. Therefore, there is no need to pay anything extra to the state budget at the end of the year. This results in a tax overpayment of 300 rubles.

Debit 68 Credit 99,300 rubles - reduced tax according to the simplified tax system.

Debit 99 Credit 68

Let's calculate the minimum tax based on the initial data.

120,000 x 1% = 1,200 rubles - this means that Topol LLC must pay at least 1,200 rubles to the state budget at the end of the tax period. In 2021, the tax was 6,750 rubles, which is more than the minimum wage. Consequently, the company will not have to pay anything extra to the state.

Debit 99 Credit 68

Debit 68 Credit 51

Let's look at how to calculate the “simplified” tax using an example.

Accounting for Covid-19 expenses under the simplified tax system

In connection with the current situation in the world, a new expense item has appeared related to safety measures that must be observed to prevent coronavirus infection. The subclause on newly introduced costs can be found in the first clause 346.16 of the article of the Tax Code. There you can find a list of costs listed:

• 1. For the purchase of various types of personal protective equipment for workers;
• 2. For the purchase of antiseptic agents, thermometers, special equipment for sterilization;
• 2. For quartz treatment and disinfection of premises.

Testing workers for the presence of coronavirus and antibodies to it at company expense is not included in the list of costs under the simplified tax system (based on the notice of the Ministry of Finance dated November 23, 2021 No. 03-11-06/2/101770).

Determining the tax amount and displaying it in reporting

Entrepreneurs who apply the “simplified tax” pay one instead of three main taxes (profit, property and value added):

• or 6% of total income for 12 months;
• or 15% of the difference between income and expenses, but not less than 1% of total income.

The percentage charged under the “income” taxation scheme is unchanged. But for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who have determined the “income-expenses” scheme as the basis, regional laws may establish a reduced tariff.

Also from 01/01/15. for individual entrepreneurs who carry out business activities in the following areas:

• education,
• the science,
• production,

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For two years in a row, a zero (0%) single tax tariff is established if the individual entrepreneur meets the following requirements:

• 70% of income from economic activities relates to income in one of the areas indicated above;
• The individual entrepreneur complies with the requirements of regional law in terms of the average number of employees and the amount of total income received.

For tax purposes, all incoming and expended funds from the business or other activities of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur must be reflected in the KUDiR. Next, on the basis of the formed KUDiR, from the beginning of the year until the end of the corresponding payment period, either the amount of income or the difference between income and expenses is calculated.

Advance periods for the Unified Tax Code on the simplified tax system are 3,6 and 9 months, while the tax period is considered to be one calendar year.

Accordingly, the single tax must be calculated and paid four times a year - at the end of each quarter and within 3 months after the end of the tax period.

Remember that from 01/01/2013 all entrepreneurs on the simplified tax system are required to maintain not only KUDiR, but also organize full-fledged accounting, as well as generate accounting and tax reporting. Accordingly, your task, as a payer, is not only to calculate and transfer tax to the budget, but also to correctly calculate and write it off using accounting entries.

How to read registers in 1C Accounting

Information registers have the following statuses:

1. Not written off, not paid
   is used when displaying expenses such as materials, goods, usually formed in the document receipt of goods, indicates the fact of acceptance into the organization, but payment has not yet been made under this document. Determines compliance with the recognition rule - accepted for accounting
2. Not paid
   is used when reflecting the receipt of services, as well as the calculation of wages, taxes and contributions; documents are usually formed for the receipt of services, payroll, and reflection of wages. Determines the implementation of the rule - documentary evidence of the provision of services, calculation of wages and contributions.
3. Not written off, accepted
   is used when displaying payment of debt to a supplier, thus fulfilling the rule for recognition of expenses - payment.