Express Newspaper answers current, inconvenient and unexpected questions. We asked a lawyer to tell us what new taxes we should prepare for now.
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We have already written about what new laws have come into force in 2021, and talked about the innovations of the month of May. Now is the time to talk about the future - namely, what taxes Russians will expect in the next few years.
Transport tax in 2021
What should vehicle owners prepare for next year?
The news may make some happy, while others may be upset. Everything will remain unchanged. The transport tax approved by the provisions of the federal law of the Russian Federation will continue to be a mandatory payment for vehicle owners, the regular payment of which will be monitored by regional government structures. There are no plans to increase the collection rate, nor to change the list of persons subject to the obligation to pay this tax. We are talking about the owners of: passenger cars; helicopters; motorcycles and scooters; snowmobiles; buses of different sizes and dimensions; motor boats and yachts; transport on pneumatic and caterpillar tracks.
It is still not worth counting on the absolute abolition of the transport tax, which annually brings about 146 billion rubles to the federal budget, in a crisis. However, there will be some changes in the system related to the timing of payment: Legal entities will be required to pay the fee before February 1, 2018 and at the same time immediately make a deposit for the next reporting period. Individuals will have to pay their tax bill by December 1, although previously receipts from vehicle owners were accepted only until October 1. This is good news for drivers - now they will have enough time to find the required funds.
The rules of the calculation system remain the same, and the fixed tax rate for transport will be calculated in the same way as before, based on three factors: the year of manufacture of the transport; duration of its operation; engine power. It is necessary to clarify that the collection coefficient for each region will be individual, so Moscow residents will not be able to be equal in the issue of transport taxation to St. Petersburg or Krasnodar, and vice versa.
Property tax in 2021
Changes next year will seriously affect the category of real estate for individuals: for example, if previously a resident of the capital, when buying a 2-room apartment in the city center, paid a tax equal to 500 rubles to the treasury, then upon completion of the new reform this amount will increase to 5,000 rubles per year and more ! This increase in the fee is due to the fact that now, instead of an inventory assessment of the premises, the main factor will be a cadastral assessment, which brings any real estate property as close as possible to its market value. According to the new law, the tax amount will be 0.1–2% of the cadastral price, will become heterogeneous for owners of different categories and types of housing, and will be updated over 5 years based on the assessments of independent experts.
The tax will apply to owners:
- unfinished residential construction projects;
- garages, parking spaces;
- apartments, rooms, other residential premises;
- complexes containing at least 1 residential premises;
- household buildings with an area of up to 50 m2, located on the site and intended for gardening and summer cottage work.
Owners will also be required to submit reliable information about the property they own to the tax authorities. In case of failure to comply with this requirement or falsification of information, owners face penalties in the form of payment of 20% of the real tax.
Benefits for real estate in 2021 will remain the same and will not undergo any changes.
Tax rates for personal income tax in 2018
Income tax is levied on every citizen and organization that makes a profit. 13% and 30% (from non-residents) do not disappear into the depths of the treasury of the Russian Federation. You have the right to return them if you have made a large purchase (real estate, car), pay for studies, or treatment.
Helpful information! To get a refund in the form of a deduction, you need to contact the accounting department at your place of work or fill out 3-NDFL. The amount of deductions cannot be more than the amount you contributed during your entire work activity. Within the framework of this setting, each type of deduction has its own rules (Articles 207 - 220 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Personal income tax for other types of profit is calculated at the interest rates indicated in the general tax table.
Real estate sales tax for citizens
If earlier, before 2021, citizens had to pay 13% of the amount under the contract, or the cadastral value, multiplied by a reduction factor of 0.7 from the property sold (provided that the property was owned for less than three years), and after 2021 Since the beginning of 2021, the three-year period has been extended to five years; then, from the beginning of 2021, the tax benefit for exemption from sales tax after the expiration of the statute of limitations for the possession of a property is generally removed.
Even if a citizen has owned a property in 2021 for more than three or more than five years, he will be required to pay a tax on its sale in the amount of 13%. The letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 03-11-17/76399 dated June 25, 2017 tells us about this.
What taxes do we pay now?
Expert opinion
Svetlana Gorokhova
Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Development and Economic Development of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
— If we talk about taxation of individuals, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation currently provides for income, property, transport, land, excise, water taxes, as well as fees for hunting and fishing.
- Income tax (personal income tax) - this tax is withheld from most citizens in the form of deductions from wages. Personal income tax is calculated and transferred by the employer. Tax on the sale of property, rent from the rental of property and other income are paid independently.
- Property tax - individuals are required to pay this tax if they own an apartment, house, garage or other buildings and structures.
- Transport tax is charged to owners of vehicles that are subject to mandatory registration. The amount of transport tax is influenced by the type of vehicle, cost, amount of horsepower and the region of registration of the owner.
- Land - paid by citizens who own a plot of land or have the right of lifelong ownership. The tax base is calculated based on the cadastral value of the land plot.
- Excise tax Individuals may be excise tax payers when importing or exporting alcohol, tobacco and other excisable products through customs.
- Water tax is payable only if the user's water intake comes from an artesian well. To use it, you must obtain a special license. It is planned to increase the rate of this tax until 2025.
- The hunting fee is calculated based on the type and number of animals hunted. Payable at the time the special permit is granted and does not require any reporting.
- The fishing fee is similar to the hunting fee, but regulates the catch of fish resources.
Organizational property tax 2021
Legal entities will also have to feel the brunt of the crisis period in their pockets: along with the prices of ordinary housing, the cost of commercial premises and rent will increase. Although the Ministry of Finance has so far spoken little on this topic, it is already obvious that the methodology for determining the cadastral values of commercial and non-residential property will be taken under control. The register of non-residential real estate will be streamlined, and its maximum filling will be a prerequisite. The general principles of property taxation here will be the same as for individuals. The only thing that will change is the size of the percentage and the fact that the issue of maintaining benefits in this case will be decided individually by the administration of each region.
Individual entrepreneur taxes 2021
The Ministry of Finance has also prepared innovations for individual entrepreneurs: from 2021, the maximum income limit for people running their own business, according to the simplified taxation system (STS), will be equal to 150 million annually. This fixed rate will last until 2021. Tax rates have remained unchanged, but today Russian regions can set reduced duty rates on an individual basis. Each individual entrepreneur will have to pay just over 24,000 rubles for pension contributions in 2021, and contributions for health insurance will amount to about 5,000 rubles. At the same time, a bill is under consideration that could theoretically exempt entrepreneurs from deductions based on the regularly growing minimum wage indicator. A large number of private traders today oppose this practice, because it turns out to be completely unprofitable for the owner of his business.
Land tax 2021
In the year of the Yellow Dog, collection from the land owner will also be carried out based on the cadastral value of the territory owned by a person, that is, we are again talking about the need to establish the real value of the land plot. However, practice shows that officials’ assessments are often biased and overstated; in this case, a taxpayer who disagrees with the established fee rate may go to court. The payment amount will increase by 20% and will continue to grow until 2021. According to preliminary estimates by experts, in a number of regions budget revenues will increase by 7-8 times and thereby make it possible to allocate sufficient funds for the development of urban infrastructure. Vacation tax 2021 From January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022, as an experiment, it is also planned to introduce a special tax levy in 4 resort areas: in the Altai Territory; in the Republic of Crimea; in the Stavropol Territory; in the Krasnodar region. The resort tax will be levied on visiting tourists, both Russians and foreign citizens, with the exception of traditional categories of beneficiaries (veterans, disabled people, students, persons under 18 years old, etc.). It is assumed that the fee will be up to 100 rubles per day for the actual stay in the accommodation facility, and the principles of seasonality and differentiation are allowed depending on the place of stay of the vacationer in the resort region, the purpose of his trip, the significance of the area and its importance for surrounding municipal institutions. Income tax 2021 Excise rates will also increase more strongly. It is possible that the heads of enterprises will have to pay a profit tax increased by 15%, with at least half of this figure (6-8%) going directly to the federal treasury.
Officials plan to mitigate the increase in personal income tax with compensatory introductions - a reduction in insurance premiums by 21% and, in general, maintaining an unchanged tax system for employers. The option of switching to a progressive scale of personal income tax rates in the new year is also being considered. New taxes in 2018 The list of qualitatively new taxes for Russians from 2021 may include: AIT - a tax on additional income, which will replace the mineral extraction tax, or mineral extraction tax. AIT will be associated with the zeroing out of export duties on petroleum products and oil, as well as with a gradual transition to a system of internal taxation; robot labor tax; pension tax (will be collected by the Central Bank from pensioners for budget payments using the Mir payment card system, for the maintenance of which you will need to pay 750 rubles annually). It is still unknown whether the introduced changes will cover the budget deficit. Be that as it may, we now know what to prepare for. This article discussed the main changes that are coming to the tax system in 2021. The development of legislative projects will continue and be adjusted. However, today, thanks to this material, it is possible to get a comprehensive picture of new taxes in 2021 and changes to existing fees.
Roman Tkachuk, Alpari
Russia's slow GDP growth continues to be the cornerstone of the Russian economy. The authorities have been looking for ways to solve this problem for at least the last five years, but progress has not yet been seen.
The national economy, even in the last two years, has not demonstrated accelerated growth amid the recovery of oil prices and large-scale investment projects (construction of the Kerch Bridge and infrastructure facilities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup).
The newly elected President Vladimir Putin, in his May decree on the national and strategic objectives of the country's development until 2024, outlined the growth points of the Russian economy. The main task is to make a powerful economic and technological breakthrough. At the same time, a sharp acceleration in the growth of the Russian economy and reaching rates higher than the world average are one of the key elements and guarantors of such a breakthrough. The goal is to surpass Germany in terms of GDP by 2024 and bring the Russian economy to fifth place in the world. To do this you need to grow by 2.5% per year. At the same time, in 2021, the Russian economy grew by only 1.5%.
The task is certainly not easy. To create a solid foundation for economic growth, the government has planned the construction of large-scale infrastructure projects. The main question is where to get the money?
Possible options include issuing infrastructure bonds or attracting private investment. With the latter, frankly speaking, things are not going well - Russian corporations and banks are very cautious about the issue of investment, and external financing is hampered by sanctions restrictions and a wary attitude towards Russia in the Western investment community. Another unexpected source of financing for infrastructure projects could be the process of amnesty of Russian capital from foreign banks. At the end of spring, information appeared that the monetary authorities of Cyprus were starting a campaign to verify all accounts belonging to non-residents.
A possible option was to increase the tax burden on oil and gas companies, but it seems that the powerful political lobby of the oil industry has once again taken its toll. So far we are seeing a new reduction in excise taxes on fuel. So, apparently, funding will come from increasing taxes.
Among all taxes, VAT demonstrates the best collection rate. And at the moment the government is inclined to increase the VAT rate from 18% to 20%. For the budget, this will provide an additional 2 trillion rubles, which will be a significant addition.
The VAT increase will not come as a surprise, since last year the government began testing the waters for a slight increase in the tax burden. The public reaction was moderately negative, but with an understanding of the need for these measures. The next step could be to raise the retirement age - this will relieve the expenditure side of the budget.
An increase in VAT will ultimately lead to higher prices for goods - businessmen will pass on the increase in their costs to consumers. According to our estimates, this measure will add about 1 percentage point to inflation. It turns out that infrastructure projects will be financed due to rising inflation, that is, at our expense. We will have to tighten our belts a little more, taking into account the fact that the decline in real income (profits after paying all obligatory payments, in particular loan payments) has been continuing for three years in a row.
At the same time, retail sales may decline slightly. For small and medium-sized businesses, the VAT increase is moderately negative. An increase in domestic demand as a possible growth driver ceases to be relevant. The government is relying on state-owned companies as the basis for economic growth. We hope that this takes into account both the negative and positive consequences of tax increases. In the medium term, this measure will have a positive impact on the Russian economy.
The opinion of the author may not coincide with the opinion of the editors
