Standard hours for a shift work schedule

In permanently operating companies, it is not always acceptable to maintain the usual work schedule, when employees take their jobs in the morning and return home in the evening. Sometimes it is necessary to ensure round-the-clock operation of an enterprise or its individual divisions.

But this should be done taking into account the restrictions on the standard of time established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the method of using it. To understand how to properly implement a shift work schedule and comply with the standard hours, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the provisions of the Labor Code.

Features of shift work mode

Shift work. As a rule, it is implemented in permanent enterprises. It provides for the organization of a technological schedule in two or three shifts. It can be introduced only in cases where there is a need for round-the-clock operation of equipment, efficient performance of services, and an increase in production volume.

Among certain legislatively restrictive measures of influence on companies using shift work, the following should be highlighted:

• The period of time that each employee involved in this work regime works is a maximum of 40 hours per week. Or the total estimated time for a decade (month);
• Between shifts, workers must have a technological break. It must be at least one shift. Engaging workers to work two days (times) in a row is prohibited by law.
• The useful activity of employees is usually set from 8 hours (with a three-shift schedule) to a day. Next, the employee should be given a rest period of at least the duration of the shift. Optimal rest between shifts is at least 42 hours;
• the involvement of minors, pregnant women, and persons with medical contraindications in shift work is prohibited;
• in the evening, at night, as well as on weekends, employees can receive additional compensation payments, or in addition to the available days off;
• Even when working, a worker has the right to breaks for meals, rest, and physiological needs. If at this moment the employee does not leave the company, he can count on including this time in his pay as a worker.

Remember, shift work does not mean that an employee must work an uncontrollable number of hours. The rules for its planning, accounting and payment simply change.

Why choose shift work

Indeed, why is work with a 2/2 schedule in Moscow, and in other areas, in such demand? Yes, all because this option allows you to combine several professions. In other words, you can work part-time.

For example, the same Masha Ptichkina works at the checkout counter at the Shesterochka store on Monday and Tuesday, and on Wednesday Masha teaches song and dance lessons at home. There are a lot of examples of such combinations. And all because Russians are trying to earn more in order to provide themselves and their families with everything they need. But not everyone succeeds. So, for example, after two shifts at a factory there is practically no energy left for part-time work.

However, the 2/2 shift work schedule is beneficial not only to employees, but also to the employer. What exactly? Yes, because this type of working time allows the enterprise to ensure almost round-the-clock uninterrupted functioning. This option is very relevant for grocery stores, as well as for manufacturing and industrial enterprises. At the legislative level, this regime is enshrined in Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In other words, such a shift is convenient, the production cycle is not interrupted, therefore, stable revenue and income for the enterprise are guaranteed. In other words, shift work is convenient for both the employee and the employer. Therefore, the demand for vacancies with a 2/2 schedule in Moscow and other cities is quite high.

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Legislation

It is very important to take into account the requirements of legal regulations during the transition from normal work to shift work. In this case, several groups of documents should be identified that can be used in the process of introducing a new work and rest regime for employees:

1. Legislative acts. The key document here is the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. It contains basic norms that are used in the process of developing individual regulations for industries, or restrictions (for example, standard hours, a ban on involving certain categories of citizens in night and overtime work) used in the preparation of documents. It is also worth taking into account Federal laws regulating the specifics of the work of individual departments (law enforcement agencies, firefighters, sailors, teachers and others).
2. Regulatory acts of the government, relevant ministries and departments. With the help of this group of documents, individual legislative norms, set out in a condensed form, are specified and described in detail. Usually these are instructions on how to apply the legislative norm in practice for the industry as a whole, or for a specific production category. For example, documents regulating the standard hours, work schedule, organization of rest for drivers, divers, teachers, sports trainers and others. They also contain standards common to each category, taking into account the professional specifics of their work.
3. Local documents of the enterprise. The key document of the company regulating the recording of working hours and its features is the collective agreement. Separate provisions can also be developed and, in agreement with trade union organizations, introduced by enterprise orders. This group of documents takes into account the local characteristics of each company and category of workers. But all the rules set out here must fit within the framework limited by the legislative and regulatory acts of the country.

Remember, in the process of preparing local documents for shift workers, it is necessary to take into account legal restrictions. Otherwise, you can get into serious trouble from regulatory organizations.

How to compose: a memo to the personnel officer

Let's define the important points of compilation:

1. Preparatory stage. Study all local documentation that establishes working hours at the enterprise. These may be collective agreements, internal labor regulations, as well as individual orders. Then prepare a production calendar for the appropriate month.
2. Take into account the opinion of the trade union organization. According to the requirements of Art. 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the work schedule two through two or another must take into account the recommendations of the representative body of workers.
3. Develop and approve a shift schedule form. Here it is necessary to take into account the individual specifics of the organization’s activities and local regulations. A sample form can be downloaded below.

Who works on a shift schedule

Shift mode - as the 2-by-2 work schedule is called, is used in institutions where you need to work around the clock. As a rule, these can be:

• emergency response services (EMERCOM, police, doctors), because their work is needed at any moment;
• non-stop cycle enterprises;
• institutions serving the population (hotels, cafes, security companies);
• transport companies (including train stations, airports);
• trading enterprises (if they provide services to the public 24/7).

The list is far from exhaustive; however, an organization can switch to shift mode at any time if the need arises.

Chart Features

The main nuance here is that a person goes to work on official days off if the shift falls on him. And all his work is paid in the same standard as on a regular working day, even if he has to work on a holiday. In addition, the following nuances can be highlighted:

1. An increased number of hours is not considered overtime , despite the fact that with a 12-hour shift the employee works much longer.
2. There is no overtime work here , since all work is carried out within the shift. If the company needs an employee to work overtime, an additional agreement on this is signed with him.
3. If the shift is 12 hours, then it is necessary to comply with the number of days off during the week and month. The total number of working hours per month should not exceed 167 hours.
4. The schedule is always drawn up for a certain period. It can mean a month or a quarter. Representatives of the trade union may participate in its preparation. In small enterprises, some employees can draw it up on their own, based on internal agreements.
5. The duration of the shift may vary in different organizations, but the required day off must arrive on time. In addition, all employees are entitled to a standard 28 days of annual leave, unless certain benefits add additional days.

Many people keep track of their working days, and initially they like that they can rest not the standard 9-10 days a month, but 15 days or even more. But if you actually count working hours, then in most cases it turns out that a person works much more. And the actual salary per month may be less. Therefore, it is extremely important to independently calculate the cost of a working hour in order to determine the profitability of such a schedule.

You can learn more about this from the video presented.

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Drafting rules and sample

The form is a document that consists of three consecutive parts:

• Header, includes: Document title.
• Date, place of creation.
• A number valid within the company.
• Period of validity of the schedule.

The document must be available for approval of the developed schedule by the manager or manager. The fields must include your full name and position. The place where this data is entered is not regulated; the main thing is its availability.

The main block table can be supplemented with any columns if they help make the document more convenient or informative. Below the table there should be a full transcript of all the information provided.

Sample:

The sample document is suitable for recording any form of shift work, even for 12 hours, even according to the “every other day” system. You can create it for any period of time, from a couple of weeks to several months.

Documents for download (free)

• Blank monthly work schedule in Excel
• Blank work schedule for the month

Night shift

As a rule, the working day begins at 8 am or, accordingly, in the evening. An employee does not have the right to voluntarily change the schedule without agreeing with the employer. You can only work on your own shift.

The employer must monitor the uniform rotation of teams: each team works in turns on night and day shifts.

Labor organization algorithms may be different. So, an employee can work during the day, then in the evening or immediately at night. A format of 2 days during the day, 2 days at night is possible.

Opening hours

The legislator requires that the work schedule during the day be distributed between at least 2 shifts of workers. The duration of one shift is no more than 12 hours.

The employer can choose the most optimal option for production:

• two shifts - the production process is divided into two components: day and night;
• four teams - employees work in the format: night shift, day shift, weekend;
• 72 hours - employees work in the following format: 2 shifts a day, 2 days off, 2 shifts in the evening, 1 day off, 2 shifts at night, 3 days off.

Salary

It can be calculated based on various options for recording time worked. There are several ways:

1. Daily . In this case, payment is made by day, regardless of how many hours each employee’s shift was. Therefore, all overtime hours will not be taken into account. But if an employee goes to work an extra day, he will be paid in full.
2. Weekly . In this case, records are kept for weeks, and the work itself is carried out in shifts in accordance with the schedule. And since there are only 7 days in a week, with a 2/2 schedule, it may turn out that one employee actually works 4 days, and another 3 days. But next week it will be the other way around.
3. Summarized . This method takes into account several periods such as quarter, month or week. This method is usually typical for enterprises with a special nature of work. An employee may be regularly required to work overtime or overtime, but the employer regulates the total number of hours he works during a certain period. And his income is equalized with other employees during this period, or he receives a material additional payment for more time worked.

The general formula that is used to calculate salaries under this schedule is the following:

That is, the employer must set a certain rate for specific hours worked. This could be a fixed-time shift, a workday, or a workweek or month. And depending on the number of time periods worked, a general calculation is carried out. The greatest difficulty is usually the end of the period, when all processed shifts, days, and hours are calculated.

You also need to know that night shifts are always characterized by increased difficulty for a person. And if the production process requires their presence, then the additional payment for them should be at least 20%. This value is provided for by law and cannot be reduced by the head of the enterprise at his own discretion.

The amount of additional pay for night work is usually influenced by the following factors:

• minimum acceptable value 20%;
• premium coefficient , which is developed by the organization itself and recorded in the local acts of the enterprise;
• duration of work in the period from 22 to 06.

If you are still thinking about the possible transition to such a schedule as an employee, be sure to calculate how many hours per month you will actually have to work, and calculate the cost of each hour. Because at first it seems to many that such work is much easier than a five-day week, but as a result it turns out that the number of hours worked is much greater, and the payment for them is lower.

Also, before signing an agreement, be sure to familiarize yourself with the established work schedule in this company. It must include such nuances as:

• duration of each shift ;
• number of days off that must be after a shift, or in a certain calendar period;
• total number of shifts per month or other period;
• sequence of employees and their number;
• a set number of breaks and their duration throughout the shift.

After analyzing these conditions, you will be able to accurately determine the proposed conditions and decide how suitable they are for you.